NATIONAL PILATES
CERTIFICATION 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
hyaline cartilage - ANSWER✔✔-Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends
of long bones, ribs, and nose
elastic cartilage - ANSWER✔✔-cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than
hyaline cartilage. EARS
fibro cartilage - ANSWER✔✔-JOINTS/LIGAMENTS
Ligaments - ANSWER✔✔-Connect bone to bone
Tendon - ANSWER✔✔-Connects muscle to bone
fascia - ANSWER✔✔-a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports,
and separates muscle. CONNECTIVE TISSUE HOLDING ORGANS, BLOOD VESSEL,
NERVE FIBER, MUSCLES IN PLACE
Muscle functions - ANSWER✔✔-producing movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing
joints, generating heat
COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, MUSCLE FUNCTION AGAINST - ANSWER✔✔-MUSCLE DOING WORK
MUSCLE FUNCTION ANTAGONISTS - ANSWER✔✔-DOES OPPOSITE ACTION. EX:
GLUE MAX AGAINST FLEXORS
SYNERGIST - ANSWER✔✔-MUSCLES THAT WORK TOGETHER
muscle contraction - ANSWER✔✔-the tensioning of the muscle during shortening
(concentric), lengthening (eccentric), or no motion (isometric)
CONCENTRIC - ANSWER✔✔-BICEP CURL - MUSCLE SHORTENED
ESSENTRIC - ANSWER✔✔-LOWERING BICEP CURL. MUSCLE LENGTHENED
lordosis - ANSWER✔✔-abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back
condition)
kyphosis - ANSWER✔✔-excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of
the back. HUNCHBACK
Swayback - ANSWER✔✔-common term for lordosis
Hyperlordosis - ANSWER✔✔-exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature (swayback)
scolisis - ANSWER✔✔-abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Cobb angle - ANSWER✔✔-Measured to define scoliosis. > 10° is needed for dx.
vargus deformity - ANSWER✔✔-BOWLEGGED
COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
CERTIFICATION 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
hyaline cartilage - ANSWER✔✔-Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends
of long bones, ribs, and nose
elastic cartilage - ANSWER✔✔-cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than
hyaline cartilage. EARS
fibro cartilage - ANSWER✔✔-JOINTS/LIGAMENTS
Ligaments - ANSWER✔✔-Connect bone to bone
Tendon - ANSWER✔✔-Connects muscle to bone
fascia - ANSWER✔✔-a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports,
and separates muscle. CONNECTIVE TISSUE HOLDING ORGANS, BLOOD VESSEL,
NERVE FIBER, MUSCLES IN PLACE
Muscle functions - ANSWER✔✔-producing movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing
joints, generating heat
COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, MUSCLE FUNCTION AGAINST - ANSWER✔✔-MUSCLE DOING WORK
MUSCLE FUNCTION ANTAGONISTS - ANSWER✔✔-DOES OPPOSITE ACTION. EX:
GLUE MAX AGAINST FLEXORS
SYNERGIST - ANSWER✔✔-MUSCLES THAT WORK TOGETHER
muscle contraction - ANSWER✔✔-the tensioning of the muscle during shortening
(concentric), lengthening (eccentric), or no motion (isometric)
CONCENTRIC - ANSWER✔✔-BICEP CURL - MUSCLE SHORTENED
ESSENTRIC - ANSWER✔✔-LOWERING BICEP CURL. MUSCLE LENGTHENED
lordosis - ANSWER✔✔-abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back
condition)
kyphosis - ANSWER✔✔-excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of
the back. HUNCHBACK
Swayback - ANSWER✔✔-common term for lordosis
Hyperlordosis - ANSWER✔✔-exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature (swayback)
scolisis - ANSWER✔✔-abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Cobb angle - ANSWER✔✔-Measured to define scoliosis. > 10° is needed for dx.
vargus deformity - ANSWER✔✔-BOWLEGGED
COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
