Fundamentals of Nursing 2024/2025
5 vital signs - correct answerrespirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and
pain
6 classes of nutrients - correct answersupply energy: carbs, proteins, lipids
regulate body processes: vitamins, minerals, water
ACE inhibitors - correct answerto prevent vasoconstriction by angiotensin II and
decrease circulatory fluid volume by reducing aldosterone production
active exercise - correct answerthe patient independently moves joints through their full
range of motion (isotonic exercise)
acute illness - correct answerrapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time;
examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
acute pain - correct answerrapid in onset, varies in intensity and duration, protective in
nature
acute wound - correct answerusually heal within days to weeks
afferent nervous system conveys info to the - correct answerCNS; going to your brain
Aims of Nursing - correct answer1. To promote health
2. To prevent illness
3. To restore health
4. To facilitate coping with disability or death
albumin normal lab values - correct answer3.5-5
anuria - correct answer24-hour urine output is less than 50mL; complete kidney shut
down or renal failure
apnea - correct answerperiods when no breathing occurs
assessing blood pressure - correct answer-listening for korotkoff sounds w/ stethoscope
-first sound is systolic
-change or cessation of sound occurs: diastolic pressure
- brachial artery and popliteal artery are commonly used
autonomy - correct answerrespect rights of patients to make health care decisions
average blood pressure for healthy adult - correct answer120/80
, axillary temp - correct answer36.5 C, 97.7 F
beneficence - correct answerbenefit the patient; balance benefits against risks and
harms
beta-adrenergic blockers - correct answerto block sympathetic stimulation and decrease
cardiac output
body mechanics - correct answerthe use of proper body positions to provide protection
from the stress of movement and activity
bradypnea - correct answerdecreased respiratory rate; occurs in some pathologic
conditions
carbs - correct answer-sugars and starches
-organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
-lactose is an animal source
-most abundant and least expensive
-classified as simple or complex sugars
-converted to glucose for transport through blood
-50-100g needed daily to prevent ketosis
chronic illness - correct answerslow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused
by change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or
support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
chronic pain - correct answerpain that may be limited, intermittent, or persistent but that
lasts beyond the normal healing period
chronic wound - correct answerdo not progress through stages of healing; healing
impeded
Clara Barton - correct answerestablished red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and
feed union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of
James
cleaning a pressure ulcer - correct answerclean w/ each dressing change, gentle
motions (patting), use 0.9% normal saline solution to irrigate and clean, report any
drainage or necrotic tissue
closed drainage system - correct answer-Jackson-pratt drain
-hemovac drain
may be connected to an electrical suction or built-in reservoir
5 vital signs - correct answerrespirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and
pain
6 classes of nutrients - correct answersupply energy: carbs, proteins, lipids
regulate body processes: vitamins, minerals, water
ACE inhibitors - correct answerto prevent vasoconstriction by angiotensin II and
decrease circulatory fluid volume by reducing aldosterone production
active exercise - correct answerthe patient independently moves joints through their full
range of motion (isotonic exercise)
acute illness - correct answerrapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time;
examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
acute pain - correct answerrapid in onset, varies in intensity and duration, protective in
nature
acute wound - correct answerusually heal within days to weeks
afferent nervous system conveys info to the - correct answerCNS; going to your brain
Aims of Nursing - correct answer1. To promote health
2. To prevent illness
3. To restore health
4. To facilitate coping with disability or death
albumin normal lab values - correct answer3.5-5
anuria - correct answer24-hour urine output is less than 50mL; complete kidney shut
down or renal failure
apnea - correct answerperiods when no breathing occurs
assessing blood pressure - correct answer-listening for korotkoff sounds w/ stethoscope
-first sound is systolic
-change or cessation of sound occurs: diastolic pressure
- brachial artery and popliteal artery are commonly used
autonomy - correct answerrespect rights of patients to make health care decisions
average blood pressure for healthy adult - correct answer120/80
, axillary temp - correct answer36.5 C, 97.7 F
beneficence - correct answerbenefit the patient; balance benefits against risks and
harms
beta-adrenergic blockers - correct answerto block sympathetic stimulation and decrease
cardiac output
body mechanics - correct answerthe use of proper body positions to provide protection
from the stress of movement and activity
bradypnea - correct answerdecreased respiratory rate; occurs in some pathologic
conditions
carbs - correct answer-sugars and starches
-organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
-lactose is an animal source
-most abundant and least expensive
-classified as simple or complex sugars
-converted to glucose for transport through blood
-50-100g needed daily to prevent ketosis
chronic illness - correct answerslow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused
by change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or
support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
chronic pain - correct answerpain that may be limited, intermittent, or persistent but that
lasts beyond the normal healing period
chronic wound - correct answerdo not progress through stages of healing; healing
impeded
Clara Barton - correct answerestablished red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and
feed union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of
James
cleaning a pressure ulcer - correct answerclean w/ each dressing change, gentle
motions (patting), use 0.9% normal saline solution to irrigate and clean, report any
drainage or necrotic tissue
closed drainage system - correct answer-Jackson-pratt drain
-hemovac drain
may be connected to an electrical suction or built-in reservoir
