https://www.stuvia.com/
,https://www.stuvia.com/
Chapter 01: Radiation History
d d d
MULTIPLE CHOICE d
1. Radiation is defined as d d d
a. a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
d d d d d d d d d d
b. a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
shadows on a receptor.
d d d d
c. a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
metal target in an x-ray tube.
d d d d d d
d. a branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
d d d d d d d d d d
ANS: A d
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-ray is a beam of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on a receptor.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
X-radiation is a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
metal target in an x-ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
x-rays.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1 d d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics
d d d d d d d d d d d d
and radiobiology
d d
2. A radiograph is defined as
d d d d
a. a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
shadows on a receptor.
d d d d
b. a picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
c. the art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image receptor to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
x-rays. d
d. a form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
d d d d d d d d d d d
ANS: B d
An x-ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
shadows on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental images by the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
exposure of a receptor to x-rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
of particles.
d d
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2 OBJ: d d
d1 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics
d d d d d d d d d d d d
and radiobiology
d d
3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following is the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
correct response?
d d
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen
d d d d d d d d d d d d
clinically. d
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
d d d d d d d d d
,https://www.stuvia.com/
c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
d d d d d d d d d d
d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of dental
d d d d d d d d d d d
d images.
ANS: D d
An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Many dental diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms. Dental images
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are a necessary component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental diseases are typically
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
discovered only through the use of dental images.
d d d d d d d d
DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2 d d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
4. The x-ray was discovered by
d d d d
a. Heinrich Geissler d
b. Wilhelm Roentgen d
c. Johann Hittorf d
d. William Crookes d
ANS: B d
Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
x-ray on November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that discharges emitted from
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the negative electrode of a vacuum tube traveled in straight lines, produced heat, and resulted
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
in a greenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the late 1870s that cathode rays
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
were streams of charged particles.
d d d d d
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4 d d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. Otto Walkoff d
b. Wilhelm Roentgen d
c. Edmund Kells d
d. Weston Price d
ANS: C d
Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm Roentgen
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
was a Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
radiograph in the United States using a live person. Price introduced the bisecting technique
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
in 1904.
d d
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5 d d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
6. Current fast radiographic film requires
d d d d d % less exposure time than the initial exposure
d d d d d d d
times used in 1920.
d d d d
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
,https://www.stuvia.com/
d. 2
ANS: D d
Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure times
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
used in 1920.
d d d
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5 OBJ: d d
d6 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
d d d d d d d d d d d
a. C. Edmund Kells
d d
b. Franklin W. McCormack d d
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald
d d
d. Howard Riley Raper d d
ANS: C d
C. Edmund Kells introduced the paralleling technique in 1896. Franklin W. McCormack
d d d d d d d d d d d
reintroduced the paralleling technique in 1920. F. Gordon Fitzgerald modified the paralleling
d d d d d d d d d d d d
technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique. This is the technique currently
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
used. Howard Riley Raper modified the bisecting technique and introduced the bite-wing
d d d d d d d d d d d d
technique in 1925.
d d d
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7 d d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
8. Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
d d d d d d d d d
a. Increased patient radiation exposure d d d
b. Increased patient comfort d d
c. Increased speed for viewing images d d d d
d. Increased chemical usage d d
ANS: C d
Patient exposure is reduced with digital imaging. Digital sensors are more sensitive to x-rays
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
than film. Digital sensors are rigid and bulky, causing decreased patient comfort. The image
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
from digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the need for
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
chemical processing. This allows for immediate interpretation and evaluation. The image from
d d d d d d d d d d d d
digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the need for chemical
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
processing.
d
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 6 OBJ: 7 d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, I.B.2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of digital
d d d d d d d d d
radiography
d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
9. Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays?
d d d d d d d d d
a. Beta particles d
b. Alpha particles d
c. Cathode rays d
d. Radioactive materials d
ANS: C d
,https://www.stuvia.com/
Chapter 01: Radiation History
d d d
MULTIPLE CHOICE d
1. Radiation is defined as d d d
a. a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
d d d d d d d d d d
b. a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
shadows on a receptor.
d d d d
c. a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
metal target in an x-ray tube.
d d d d d d
d. a branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
d d d d d d d d d d
ANS: A d
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-ray is a beam of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on a receptor.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
X-radiation is a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
metal target in an x-ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
x-rays.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1 d d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics
d d d d d d d d d d d d
and radiobiology
d d
2. A radiograph is defined as
d d d d
a. a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
shadows on a receptor.
d d d d
b. a picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
c. the art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image receptor to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
x-rays. d
d. a form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
d d d d d d d d d d d
ANS: B d
An x-ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
shadows on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental images by the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
exposure of a receptor to x-rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
of particles.
d d
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2 OBJ: d d
d1 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics
d d d d d d d d d d d d
and radiobiology
d d
3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following is the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
correct response?
d d
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen
d d d d d d d d d d d d
clinically. d
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
d d d d d d d d d
,https://www.stuvia.com/
c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
d d d d d d d d d d
d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of dental
d d d d d d d d d d d
d images.
ANS: D d
An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Many dental diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms. Dental images
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are a necessary component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental diseases are typically
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
discovered only through the use of dental images.
d d d d d d d d
DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2 d d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
4. The x-ray was discovered by
d d d d
a. Heinrich Geissler d
b. Wilhelm Roentgen d
c. Johann Hittorf d
d. William Crookes d
ANS: B d
Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
x-ray on November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that discharges emitted from
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the negative electrode of a vacuum tube traveled in straight lines, produced heat, and resulted
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
in a greenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the late 1870s that cathode rays
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
were streams of charged particles.
d d d d d
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4 d d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. Otto Walkoff d
b. Wilhelm Roentgen d
c. Edmund Kells d
d. Weston Price d
ANS: C d
Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm Roentgen
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
was a Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
radiograph in the United States using a live person. Price introduced the bisecting technique
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
in 1904.
d d
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5 d d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
6. Current fast radiographic film requires
d d d d d % less exposure time than the initial exposure
d d d d d d d
times used in 1920.
d d d d
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
,https://www.stuvia.com/
d. 2
ANS: D d
Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure times
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
used in 1920.
d d d
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5 OBJ: d d
d6 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
d d d d d d d d d d d
a. C. Edmund Kells
d d
b. Franklin W. McCormack d d
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald
d d
d. Howard Riley Raper d d
ANS: C d
C. Edmund Kells introduced the paralleling technique in 1896. Franklin W. McCormack
d d d d d d d d d d d
reintroduced the paralleling technique in 1920. F. Gordon Fitzgerald modified the paralleling
d d d d d d d d d d d d
technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique. This is the technique currently
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
used. Howard Riley Raper modified the bisecting technique and introduced the bite-wing
d d d d d d d d d d d d
technique in 1925.
d d d
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7 d d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
d d d d d d d d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
8. Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
d d d d d d d d d
a. Increased patient radiation exposure d d d
b. Increased patient comfort d d
c. Increased speed for viewing images d d d d
d. Increased chemical usage d d
ANS: C d
Patient exposure is reduced with digital imaging. Digital sensors are more sensitive to x-rays
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
than film. Digital sensors are rigid and bulky, causing decreased patient comfort. The image
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
from digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the need for
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
chemical processing. This allows for immediate interpretation and evaluation. The image from
d d d d d d d d d d d d
digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the need for chemical
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
processing.
d
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 6 OBJ: 7 d d d
TOP: CDA, RHS, I.B.2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of digital
d d d d d d d d d
radiography
d
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
d d d d d d d d d d
9. Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays?
d d d d d d d d d
a. Beta particles d
b. Alpha particles d
c. Cathode rays d
d. Radioactive materials d
ANS: C d
