EXAM 5: BIOLOGY 152, 2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
3 characteristics that distinguish nervous systems from endocrine
systems - CORRECT ANSWERS- NERVOUS SYSTEM:
-Rapidly transmitted signals
-neurotransmitters over synapses
-action potentials over long distances
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
-Slower transmission via circulatory system
-hormones as the chemical messangers
3 functions of excretory systems - CORRECT ANSWERS- -
osmoregulation (water)
-Ionoregulation (dissolved ions/salts)
-Removal of nitrogenous wastes
Two properties of body fluids that are relevant to excretion -
CORRECT ANSWERS- -Osmotic pressure (measure of total
concentration of solutes)
-Ionic composition (measure specific ions in solutions)
, Extrarenal salt excretion?, name two groups of animals that use it
- CORRECT ANSWERS- --Ions can be excreted by tissues other
than the kidneys (salt glands)
-Birds, reptiles
Major differences between osmoregulation in bony fish in marine
and freshwater - CORRECT ANSWERS- MARINE:
-lose water due to osmosis (drink seawater)
-gains ions due to diffusion
FRESHWATER:
-gain water by osmosis (don't drink, produce large amounts of
urine)
-Lose ions by diffusion
2 basic strategies for coping with variable osmotic environments
+ animal examples - CORRECT ANSWERS- Osmotic conformer:
allow internal environment to change
Osmotic Regulator: Maintain internal environment
3 types of adaptions animals can use to cope with the threat of
dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERS- --Behavioral
--Physical (ex: lipid layers, keratinized skin)
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
3 characteristics that distinguish nervous systems from endocrine
systems - CORRECT ANSWERS- NERVOUS SYSTEM:
-Rapidly transmitted signals
-neurotransmitters over synapses
-action potentials over long distances
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
-Slower transmission via circulatory system
-hormones as the chemical messangers
3 functions of excretory systems - CORRECT ANSWERS- -
osmoregulation (water)
-Ionoregulation (dissolved ions/salts)
-Removal of nitrogenous wastes
Two properties of body fluids that are relevant to excretion -
CORRECT ANSWERS- -Osmotic pressure (measure of total
concentration of solutes)
-Ionic composition (measure specific ions in solutions)
, Extrarenal salt excretion?, name two groups of animals that use it
- CORRECT ANSWERS- --Ions can be excreted by tissues other
than the kidneys (salt glands)
-Birds, reptiles
Major differences between osmoregulation in bony fish in marine
and freshwater - CORRECT ANSWERS- MARINE:
-lose water due to osmosis (drink seawater)
-gains ions due to diffusion
FRESHWATER:
-gain water by osmosis (don't drink, produce large amounts of
urine)
-Lose ions by diffusion
2 basic strategies for coping with variable osmotic environments
+ animal examples - CORRECT ANSWERS- Osmotic conformer:
allow internal environment to change
Osmotic Regulator: Maintain internal environment
3 types of adaptions animals can use to cope with the threat of
dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERS- --Behavioral
--Physical (ex: lipid layers, keratinized skin)
