SLHS 305 midterm #1 Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved
Pinna (Auricle) - Answers outer ear, primarily made of cartilage, collects auditory stimuli and funnels it
into ear canal
Concha - Answers outer ear, deep center portion
external auditory meatus - Answers outer ear, opening to the external auditory canal
external auditory canal - Answers outer ear, 2-3cm in length, first 1/3 of the canal is cartilaginous with
glands and hair follicles, final 2/3 is bony
Tympanic Membrane - Answers middle ear, most lateral, cone shaped, pearl white in color (unless you
have scar tissue)
3 landmarks of TM - Answers Pars Flaccida, Pars Tensa, Umbo
Malleus - Answers Middle ear ossicle, manubrium of the malleus embedded in the TM
Incus - Answers Middle ear ossicle, short process and a long (inferior) process
Stapes - Answers Middle ear ossicle, smallest bone in the body
Footplate of Stapes - Answers most medial portion of middle ear, connects middle ear to the oval
window in the inner ear
Tensor Tympani - Answers Middle ear muscle, inserts into the manubrium of the malleus
Stapedius - Answers Middle ear muscle, inserts into the posterior portion of the neck of the stapes
Eustachian tube - Answers most inferior portion of the middle ear cavity, equalizes the pressure
between the middle ear cavity and the external auditory canal
Function of Middle Ear - Answers convert acoustic energy into mechanical energy by using the lever
action of the ossicular chain, limit distortions during transmission through the ossicular chain
TM and Ossicular chain function - Answers increase pressure in order to displace fluids of inner ear
Middle Ear Impedance-Resistance- - Answers Cochlear fluid on the footplate of the stapes
Middle Ear Impedance-Mass reactance- - Answers a result of the mass of the middle ear structures
Middle Ear Impedance- Compliant reactance- - Answers spring like characteristics of the ligaments and
muscles in the middle ear
Vestibular system - Answers inner ear, motion detection and sense of position in space,
Vestibular, visual, and somasensory information - Answers put together to produce find control of visual
gaze, posture, autonomic reflexes, and spatial orientation
, Dysfunction of vestibular system - Answers dizziness, vertigo, and motion sicknesss
Rotational Motion - Answers (angular acceleration), ex: head turns
Linear Motion - Answers (linear acceleration), ex: walking, falling, biking vehicle travel, elevators, and
head tilts from gravity
Bony Labyrinth of PVL - Answers embedded within the petrous portion of the temporal and protects the
sensory structures
Membranous Labyrinth of PVL - Answers contains sensory structures, 5 separate structures
Semicircular Canals - Answers horizontal, anterior, posterior, located in membranous labyrinth
Otolith organs - Answers utricle and saccule, located in membranous labyrinth
Horizontal plane of PVL - Answers horizontal semicircular canal and utricle
Vertical plane of PVL - Answers anterior and posterior semicircular canals and saccule
Endolymph - Answers fluid within membranous labyrinth, high in K+ low in Na+
Perilymph - Answers fluid surrounding the membranous labyrinth, high in Na+, low in k+
Hair cells in vestibular system - Answers 50 to 100 stereocilia and a single longer kinocilium
Type 1 Hair cells - Answers surrounded by afferent nerve fibers
Type 2 Hair cells - Answers single synaptic connection at the base of the hair cell
Copula - Answers fluid tight structure covering the crista
Crista - Answers supporting cells of neuroepithelium where hair cells are embedded
Rotational head movement - Answers endolymph in the membranous semicircular duct is displaced,
pushes the copula in the opposite direction of the head turn, stereo cilia and kinocilium deflect either
causing excitation or inhibition
Otolith membrane - Answers where stereocilia and kinocilium are located
Otoconia - Answers calcium carbonate crystals, more dense than endolymph, hair cells displaced by
inertia not endolymph movement
Semicircular canals - Answers inner ear, superior(anterior), inferior(posterior), and horizontal(lateral)
canals
utricle - Answers inner ear, larger of the two sacs in the vestibular labyrinth
vestibule - Answers inner ear, also an end organ of equilibrium but gives access to the cochlea
Pinna (Auricle) - Answers outer ear, primarily made of cartilage, collects auditory stimuli and funnels it
into ear canal
Concha - Answers outer ear, deep center portion
external auditory meatus - Answers outer ear, opening to the external auditory canal
external auditory canal - Answers outer ear, 2-3cm in length, first 1/3 of the canal is cartilaginous with
glands and hair follicles, final 2/3 is bony
Tympanic Membrane - Answers middle ear, most lateral, cone shaped, pearl white in color (unless you
have scar tissue)
3 landmarks of TM - Answers Pars Flaccida, Pars Tensa, Umbo
Malleus - Answers Middle ear ossicle, manubrium of the malleus embedded in the TM
Incus - Answers Middle ear ossicle, short process and a long (inferior) process
Stapes - Answers Middle ear ossicle, smallest bone in the body
Footplate of Stapes - Answers most medial portion of middle ear, connects middle ear to the oval
window in the inner ear
Tensor Tympani - Answers Middle ear muscle, inserts into the manubrium of the malleus
Stapedius - Answers Middle ear muscle, inserts into the posterior portion of the neck of the stapes
Eustachian tube - Answers most inferior portion of the middle ear cavity, equalizes the pressure
between the middle ear cavity and the external auditory canal
Function of Middle Ear - Answers convert acoustic energy into mechanical energy by using the lever
action of the ossicular chain, limit distortions during transmission through the ossicular chain
TM and Ossicular chain function - Answers increase pressure in order to displace fluids of inner ear
Middle Ear Impedance-Resistance- - Answers Cochlear fluid on the footplate of the stapes
Middle Ear Impedance-Mass reactance- - Answers a result of the mass of the middle ear structures
Middle Ear Impedance- Compliant reactance- - Answers spring like characteristics of the ligaments and
muscles in the middle ear
Vestibular system - Answers inner ear, motion detection and sense of position in space,
Vestibular, visual, and somasensory information - Answers put together to produce find control of visual
gaze, posture, autonomic reflexes, and spatial orientation
, Dysfunction of vestibular system - Answers dizziness, vertigo, and motion sicknesss
Rotational Motion - Answers (angular acceleration), ex: head turns
Linear Motion - Answers (linear acceleration), ex: walking, falling, biking vehicle travel, elevators, and
head tilts from gravity
Bony Labyrinth of PVL - Answers embedded within the petrous portion of the temporal and protects the
sensory structures
Membranous Labyrinth of PVL - Answers contains sensory structures, 5 separate structures
Semicircular Canals - Answers horizontal, anterior, posterior, located in membranous labyrinth
Otolith organs - Answers utricle and saccule, located in membranous labyrinth
Horizontal plane of PVL - Answers horizontal semicircular canal and utricle
Vertical plane of PVL - Answers anterior and posterior semicircular canals and saccule
Endolymph - Answers fluid within membranous labyrinth, high in K+ low in Na+
Perilymph - Answers fluid surrounding the membranous labyrinth, high in Na+, low in k+
Hair cells in vestibular system - Answers 50 to 100 stereocilia and a single longer kinocilium
Type 1 Hair cells - Answers surrounded by afferent nerve fibers
Type 2 Hair cells - Answers single synaptic connection at the base of the hair cell
Copula - Answers fluid tight structure covering the crista
Crista - Answers supporting cells of neuroepithelium where hair cells are embedded
Rotational head movement - Answers endolymph in the membranous semicircular duct is displaced,
pushes the copula in the opposite direction of the head turn, stereo cilia and kinocilium deflect either
causing excitation or inhibition
Otolith membrane - Answers where stereocilia and kinocilium are located
Otoconia - Answers calcium carbonate crystals, more dense than endolymph, hair cells displaced by
inertia not endolymph movement
Semicircular canals - Answers inner ear, superior(anterior), inferior(posterior), and horizontal(lateral)
canals
utricle - Answers inner ear, larger of the two sacs in the vestibular labyrinth
vestibule - Answers inner ear, also an end organ of equilibrium but gives access to the cochlea
