PNB 2250 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED| LATEST UPDATE
GRADED A+
Which of the following are unique to the vertebrate kidney?
a. Ability to absorb or secrete solutes from or to a fluid.
b. Presence of nephrons.
c. Removal of solutes from blood by active transport.
d. Movement of water along an osmolarity gradient.
e. Looped nephrons descending into an interstitial osmolarity gradient. e. Looped nephrons
descending into an interstitial osmolarity gradient.
Transformation of a tadpole to a frog requires
a. Formation of citrulline.
b. Formation of allantoin from uric acid.
c. Induction of arginase activity.
d. Formation of uric acid from urea
e. Induction of urate oxidase activity c. Induction of arginase activity.
Buoyancy
a. refers to a force generated by the movement of water in and out of the cytosol.
b. only affects invertebrates in the ocean.
c. has no effect on vertebrate animals.
d. is a direct consequence of urine formation in the nephron.
e. is affected by the shape and density of animals. e. is affected by the shape and density of
animals.
Myosin acts as a molecular motor because of its ability to
,a. ratchet (move) the myosin head in a crossbridge with actin.
b. interact with tubulin.
c. interact with kinesin.
d. consume ATP.
e. to do all of the above. a. ratchet (move) the myosin head in a crossbridge with actin.
How is it possible for insects to beat their wings at up to 1,000/s?
a. They have very unique striated muscle that is not activated in the same way as vertebrate
striated muscle.
b. Their striated muscle is not activated externally by neurons as is striated muscle in other
animals.
c. They rely on the elastic recoil of the thorax to help wings beat.
d. They have very unusual neurons that can fires at rates exceeding 2,000 times per second.
c. They rely on the elastic recoil of the thorax to help wings beat.
Molecule permeability across a biological membrane is
a. influenced by the presence of specific transporters or channels in the membrane.
b. affected by its solubility in water.
c. is affected its size (molecular weight and shape).
d. is affected by temperature.
e. is accurately described by all of the above answers. e. is accurately described by all of the
above answers.
Muscle
a. generates mechanical movement of cells by consumption of ATP by molecular motors.
b. can be striated, but not in invertebrates.
c. is found in jellyfish.
, d. all of the above (a through c) are correct. d. all of the above (a through c) are correct.
An animal that lives in a saltwater marsh
a. must be stenohaline (if a bird).
b. must be salt tolerant.
c. must have a salt gland.
d. must have a kidney that can produce a urine more concentrated than blood. b. must be
salt tolerant
The Great Salt Lake is a hostile environment for animals because
a. it is full of arsenic, which is toxic to vertebrates but not invertebrates.
b. it is naturally acidic (pH 5.6).
c. vertebrate terrestrial animals rapidly lose internal water through their skin.
d. vertebrate animals cannot osmoregulate when the salinity is as high as 10 Osm/L (ten times
the ocean osmolarity of 1 Osm/L).
of its depth (>2,000 m). d. vertebrate animals cannot osmoregulate when the salinity is as
high as 10 Osm/L (ten times the ocean osmolarity of 1 Osm/L).
of its depth (>2,000 m).
When running
a. large animals can run faster than small animals.
b. at a given speed, small animals expend more energy to run the same distance than large
animals.
c. animals are helped by the elasticity of their bodies.
d. most animals don't need to worry about air friction.
e. all of the above occur. e. all of the above occur.
GRADED A+
Which of the following are unique to the vertebrate kidney?
a. Ability to absorb or secrete solutes from or to a fluid.
b. Presence of nephrons.
c. Removal of solutes from blood by active transport.
d. Movement of water along an osmolarity gradient.
e. Looped nephrons descending into an interstitial osmolarity gradient. e. Looped nephrons
descending into an interstitial osmolarity gradient.
Transformation of a tadpole to a frog requires
a. Formation of citrulline.
b. Formation of allantoin from uric acid.
c. Induction of arginase activity.
d. Formation of uric acid from urea
e. Induction of urate oxidase activity c. Induction of arginase activity.
Buoyancy
a. refers to a force generated by the movement of water in and out of the cytosol.
b. only affects invertebrates in the ocean.
c. has no effect on vertebrate animals.
d. is a direct consequence of urine formation in the nephron.
e. is affected by the shape and density of animals. e. is affected by the shape and density of
animals.
Myosin acts as a molecular motor because of its ability to
,a. ratchet (move) the myosin head in a crossbridge with actin.
b. interact with tubulin.
c. interact with kinesin.
d. consume ATP.
e. to do all of the above. a. ratchet (move) the myosin head in a crossbridge with actin.
How is it possible for insects to beat their wings at up to 1,000/s?
a. They have very unique striated muscle that is not activated in the same way as vertebrate
striated muscle.
b. Their striated muscle is not activated externally by neurons as is striated muscle in other
animals.
c. They rely on the elastic recoil of the thorax to help wings beat.
d. They have very unusual neurons that can fires at rates exceeding 2,000 times per second.
c. They rely on the elastic recoil of the thorax to help wings beat.
Molecule permeability across a biological membrane is
a. influenced by the presence of specific transporters or channels in the membrane.
b. affected by its solubility in water.
c. is affected its size (molecular weight and shape).
d. is affected by temperature.
e. is accurately described by all of the above answers. e. is accurately described by all of the
above answers.
Muscle
a. generates mechanical movement of cells by consumption of ATP by molecular motors.
b. can be striated, but not in invertebrates.
c. is found in jellyfish.
, d. all of the above (a through c) are correct. d. all of the above (a through c) are correct.
An animal that lives in a saltwater marsh
a. must be stenohaline (if a bird).
b. must be salt tolerant.
c. must have a salt gland.
d. must have a kidney that can produce a urine more concentrated than blood. b. must be
salt tolerant
The Great Salt Lake is a hostile environment for animals because
a. it is full of arsenic, which is toxic to vertebrates but not invertebrates.
b. it is naturally acidic (pH 5.6).
c. vertebrate terrestrial animals rapidly lose internal water through their skin.
d. vertebrate animals cannot osmoregulate when the salinity is as high as 10 Osm/L (ten times
the ocean osmolarity of 1 Osm/L).
of its depth (>2,000 m). d. vertebrate animals cannot osmoregulate when the salinity is as
high as 10 Osm/L (ten times the ocean osmolarity of 1 Osm/L).
of its depth (>2,000 m).
When running
a. large animals can run faster than small animals.
b. at a given speed, small animals expend more energy to run the same distance than large
animals.
c. animals are helped by the elasticity of their bodies.
d. most animals don't need to worry about air friction.
e. all of the above occur. e. all of the above occur.
