3370 Final Exam Prep Questions And All
Correct Answers.
spinal cord injury - Answer (SCI) Bruising or severing of the spinal cord from a blow to the
vertebral column resulting in muscle paralysis and sensory impairment below the injury level.
T1 and higher - quadriplegia
T1 and lower - paraplegia
C1-C3: require ADL support and devices to speak, eat, etc.
C4: control over neck and diaphragm, independent breathing. No upper extremity functioning,
but likely to be able to operate w/c with sip and puff method.
C5: functioning in neck, diaphragm, and some in shoulder. Lack functioning in hand and wrist.
Some can use w/c with rim projections and sticky gloves. Can transfer independently but may
need ADL assist.
C6: elbow, wrists and shoulders can flex and extend. Some movement in fingers w/ weak grasp.
Can transfer and move w/c independently.
C7-8: bladder mgmt. incorporated in treatment.
T1-5: can grasp and release small objects, have some arm movement, ltd trunk stability. May
need to wear belt or postural brace
T6-9/10-12: trunk stability and can hold self up but may need braces to stand. Complete
abdominal control.
L1-5: can flex and extend and have lower hip movement, can walk w/ devices
S1-5: bladder, bowel, sexual function
MS - Answer muscular deterioration occurring when the immune system attacks myelin
sheath protecting CNS nerves - (demyelination). Affects flow of info b/t brain and body and
causes pain, weakness, fatigue, numbness, tremors, slurred speech
*heat should be avoided and increases pain and demyelination.
CP - Answer lack of muscle tone, coordination, and muscle control from damage to motor
control system of brain. Usually congenital or occurring at birth. Symptoms: spasticity, unsteady
gait, balance issues, posture, decreased muscle mass. Aquatic therapy useful.
Huntington's Chorea - Answer Begins in middle-age, gradual onset. (Huntington's Disease) -
genetic defect causing nerve cells to degenerate. "Chorea" describes involuntary jerking
,Mysenthia Gravis - Answer autoimmune, progressive neuromuscular disease causing
weakness that fluctuates to fatigue. Drooped eyes and swallowing difficulties often occur.
Muscles in eyes and face are often affected, having an impact on talking, swallowing, breathing,
and neck. Stress acts as a trigger and disease can improve with rest.
Seizures - Answer A single event of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain resulting in an
abruptly and temporary altered state of cerebral function.
-absence/petit
-tonic/clonic-grand-mal
epilepsy
Spina Bifida - Answer spinal cord not formed completely, leaving vertebra open and unfused
with an exposed spinal cord. Orthopedic issues often arise - UTI's, abnormal eye movements,
and pressure sores all common issues.
Parkinson's - Answer A slowly progressive neurological disease, marked by tremors and
rigidity, that may also cause dementia.
affecting movement - tremors and rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, stooped posture.
Comorbid with dementia
Guillain-Barre - Answer Acute inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nerve
within 1-3 weeks leads to complete paralysis. Begins in feet with tingling and moves up to brain.
Recovery is possible.
ALS - Answer "Lou Gherig's Disease" - progressive neurological disease in which the motor
neurons degenerate to the point of total loss of motor function. The intelligence, memory, and
personality is unaffected.
Osteoarthritis - Answer A disease in which joints become irritated or inflamed, such as when
cartilage in joints is damaged or wears away.
RA= rheumatoid A chronic inflammatory diease that causes joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Most common in women and can occur at any age. Some persons need joint replacement
, joints "weight-bearing joints" and formation due to excessive normal wear and tear of aging or
genetic inheritance(increased risk) that can be treated with aspirin and surgery in severe cases
but not cured. often called wear and tear b/c protective cartilage at ends of bones wears down
over time.
Duchenne - Answer A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele;
characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.muscular dystrophy -
affecting muscle fibers that leads to muscle deterioration.
Duchenne's - type of MD affecting young males, involving "lordosis" - pronounced spinal
curvature. Usually in w/c by age 12 with a life expectancy of about 25.
Amputations - Answer congenital or acquired.
BKA - below knee
BEA - below elbow
AKA - above knee
AEA -above elbow
Osteoporosis - Answer A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.
TBI - Answer traumatic brain injury, an insult to the brain caused by external physical force
that may produce a diminished or altered state of consciousness, which results in impairment of
cognitive abilities or physical functioning
Alzheimer's - Answer A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual
deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally, physical reasoning
Hydrocephalus - Answer Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of
the brain. b/c either over-produced or blocked. This increases pressure in the skull. Onset is at
any point, with condition being worse in adults rather than kids due to adult's lack of flexibility
in cranial bone structure. Can lead to mild and severe ID.
Thermal Injuries - Answer caused by radiation, electricity, chemicals, steam
Superficial - 1st degree - epidermis, causes discoloration and swelling, forms a scab
Partial - 2nd degree - dermis and epidermis, blisters, peeling, oozing fluids and pain
Correct Answers.
spinal cord injury - Answer (SCI) Bruising or severing of the spinal cord from a blow to the
vertebral column resulting in muscle paralysis and sensory impairment below the injury level.
T1 and higher - quadriplegia
T1 and lower - paraplegia
C1-C3: require ADL support and devices to speak, eat, etc.
C4: control over neck and diaphragm, independent breathing. No upper extremity functioning,
but likely to be able to operate w/c with sip and puff method.
C5: functioning in neck, diaphragm, and some in shoulder. Lack functioning in hand and wrist.
Some can use w/c with rim projections and sticky gloves. Can transfer independently but may
need ADL assist.
C6: elbow, wrists and shoulders can flex and extend. Some movement in fingers w/ weak grasp.
Can transfer and move w/c independently.
C7-8: bladder mgmt. incorporated in treatment.
T1-5: can grasp and release small objects, have some arm movement, ltd trunk stability. May
need to wear belt or postural brace
T6-9/10-12: trunk stability and can hold self up but may need braces to stand. Complete
abdominal control.
L1-5: can flex and extend and have lower hip movement, can walk w/ devices
S1-5: bladder, bowel, sexual function
MS - Answer muscular deterioration occurring when the immune system attacks myelin
sheath protecting CNS nerves - (demyelination). Affects flow of info b/t brain and body and
causes pain, weakness, fatigue, numbness, tremors, slurred speech
*heat should be avoided and increases pain and demyelination.
CP - Answer lack of muscle tone, coordination, and muscle control from damage to motor
control system of brain. Usually congenital or occurring at birth. Symptoms: spasticity, unsteady
gait, balance issues, posture, decreased muscle mass. Aquatic therapy useful.
Huntington's Chorea - Answer Begins in middle-age, gradual onset. (Huntington's Disease) -
genetic defect causing nerve cells to degenerate. "Chorea" describes involuntary jerking
,Mysenthia Gravis - Answer autoimmune, progressive neuromuscular disease causing
weakness that fluctuates to fatigue. Drooped eyes and swallowing difficulties often occur.
Muscles in eyes and face are often affected, having an impact on talking, swallowing, breathing,
and neck. Stress acts as a trigger and disease can improve with rest.
Seizures - Answer A single event of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain resulting in an
abruptly and temporary altered state of cerebral function.
-absence/petit
-tonic/clonic-grand-mal
epilepsy
Spina Bifida - Answer spinal cord not formed completely, leaving vertebra open and unfused
with an exposed spinal cord. Orthopedic issues often arise - UTI's, abnormal eye movements,
and pressure sores all common issues.
Parkinson's - Answer A slowly progressive neurological disease, marked by tremors and
rigidity, that may also cause dementia.
affecting movement - tremors and rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, stooped posture.
Comorbid with dementia
Guillain-Barre - Answer Acute inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nerve
within 1-3 weeks leads to complete paralysis. Begins in feet with tingling and moves up to brain.
Recovery is possible.
ALS - Answer "Lou Gherig's Disease" - progressive neurological disease in which the motor
neurons degenerate to the point of total loss of motor function. The intelligence, memory, and
personality is unaffected.
Osteoarthritis - Answer A disease in which joints become irritated or inflamed, such as when
cartilage in joints is damaged or wears away.
RA= rheumatoid A chronic inflammatory diease that causes joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Most common in women and can occur at any age. Some persons need joint replacement
, joints "weight-bearing joints" and formation due to excessive normal wear and tear of aging or
genetic inheritance(increased risk) that can be treated with aspirin and surgery in severe cases
but not cured. often called wear and tear b/c protective cartilage at ends of bones wears down
over time.
Duchenne - Answer A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele;
characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.muscular dystrophy -
affecting muscle fibers that leads to muscle deterioration.
Duchenne's - type of MD affecting young males, involving "lordosis" - pronounced spinal
curvature. Usually in w/c by age 12 with a life expectancy of about 25.
Amputations - Answer congenital or acquired.
BKA - below knee
BEA - below elbow
AKA - above knee
AEA -above elbow
Osteoporosis - Answer A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.
TBI - Answer traumatic brain injury, an insult to the brain caused by external physical force
that may produce a diminished or altered state of consciousness, which results in impairment of
cognitive abilities or physical functioning
Alzheimer's - Answer A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual
deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally, physical reasoning
Hydrocephalus - Answer Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of
the brain. b/c either over-produced or blocked. This increases pressure in the skull. Onset is at
any point, with condition being worse in adults rather than kids due to adult's lack of flexibility
in cranial bone structure. Can lead to mild and severe ID.
Thermal Injuries - Answer caused by radiation, electricity, chemicals, steam
Superficial - 1st degree - epidermis, causes discoloration and swelling, forms a scab
Partial - 2nd degree - dermis and epidermis, blisters, peeling, oozing fluids and pain
