NSG 3370 Pathophysiology Lesson 3
Prep Exam Questions And Answers
Graded A+.
Hiatal Hernia - Answer A protrusion of a portion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity
through an opening in the diaphragm
-Most common abnormality found on radiographic evaluation of the GI tract
-Risks increases with age
- More common in women
Gastroparesis - Answer Often referred to as "delayed gastric emptying", a term meaning
gastric paralysis, and involves sluggish movement of food through the stomach
-Higher incidence in women
-often seen as a comorbid disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and
Parkinson's disease
-A chronic lifetime condition with relapses
Gastritis - Answer Inflammation of the gastric mucosa lining in the stomach, can be acute or
chronic
-one of the most common stomach ailments
Gastric ulcer - Answer A lesion found in the mucosal wall of the stomach from a breakdown in
the mucosal barrier of the stomach.
-Ulcerations can occur in many areas of the GI tract, but are most commonly found in the
antrum.
Gastric cancer - Answer Malignant cells invading the stomach, primarily seen in the antrum
and pyloric areas.
Triggers of disorders in the GI tract - Answer -environmental factors, stress, microorganism
infestation, aging, medications, alcohol, smoking, and foods
Role of H. Pylori in Gastric Ulcers - Answer The spiral shape of H. pylori bacterium allows them
to penetrate through the mucosal barrier of the stomach, where they are protected by mucus,
, Role of H. Pylori in Gastritis - Answer H. pylori is a bacterium that is able to adapt to the hard
environment of the acidic stomach by secreting toxins and, therefore, invades the gastric
mucosa lining, causing inflammation
The role of H. Pylori in Gastric Cancer - Answer Due to its colonization manifestation, H. pylori
is considered the strongest known risk for gastric cancer.
Signs of H. Pylori Infection - Answer Excessive burping, bloating, nausea and/or vomiting,
anorexia, unexplained weight loss, and foul breath are all signs of H. pylori infection.
Sliding hernia - Answer -Upper portion of the stomach (fundus) slides upward through the
esophageal hiatus
-The junction of the stomach and esophagus is above the diaphragm and stomach slides
through opening.
-Occurs more often when in the supine position. When rising to a standing position, the
stomach slides back downward.
rolling (paraesophageal) hernia - Answer -Junction between the esophagus and stomach
remains in normal position (below diaphragm)
-Part of the stomach herniates through esophageal hiatus, forming a pocket alongside the
esophagus.
-More risk for complications because blood vessels move with the stomach:
-Increased risk of incarceration/strangulation
-Increased risk of gastritis and GI bleed
Hiatal hernia - Answer protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the
diaphragm
Physiology of Gastroparesis - Answer Occurs due to a blockage of nerve stimulation to the
stomach and results in the following:
-Vagus nerve, which innervates the stomach, is damaged by illness or injury, or elevated blood
sugar levels.
-This causes muscles in the stomach to stop functioning normally.
-Food does not move through the digestive tract properly (slows down or stops).
-Malnutrition can occur due to malabsorption of nutrients and/or reduced intake due to
Prep Exam Questions And Answers
Graded A+.
Hiatal Hernia - Answer A protrusion of a portion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity
through an opening in the diaphragm
-Most common abnormality found on radiographic evaluation of the GI tract
-Risks increases with age
- More common in women
Gastroparesis - Answer Often referred to as "delayed gastric emptying", a term meaning
gastric paralysis, and involves sluggish movement of food through the stomach
-Higher incidence in women
-often seen as a comorbid disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and
Parkinson's disease
-A chronic lifetime condition with relapses
Gastritis - Answer Inflammation of the gastric mucosa lining in the stomach, can be acute or
chronic
-one of the most common stomach ailments
Gastric ulcer - Answer A lesion found in the mucosal wall of the stomach from a breakdown in
the mucosal barrier of the stomach.
-Ulcerations can occur in many areas of the GI tract, but are most commonly found in the
antrum.
Gastric cancer - Answer Malignant cells invading the stomach, primarily seen in the antrum
and pyloric areas.
Triggers of disorders in the GI tract - Answer -environmental factors, stress, microorganism
infestation, aging, medications, alcohol, smoking, and foods
Role of H. Pylori in Gastric Ulcers - Answer The spiral shape of H. pylori bacterium allows them
to penetrate through the mucosal barrier of the stomach, where they are protected by mucus,
, Role of H. Pylori in Gastritis - Answer H. pylori is a bacterium that is able to adapt to the hard
environment of the acidic stomach by secreting toxins and, therefore, invades the gastric
mucosa lining, causing inflammation
The role of H. Pylori in Gastric Cancer - Answer Due to its colonization manifestation, H. pylori
is considered the strongest known risk for gastric cancer.
Signs of H. Pylori Infection - Answer Excessive burping, bloating, nausea and/or vomiting,
anorexia, unexplained weight loss, and foul breath are all signs of H. pylori infection.
Sliding hernia - Answer -Upper portion of the stomach (fundus) slides upward through the
esophageal hiatus
-The junction of the stomach and esophagus is above the diaphragm and stomach slides
through opening.
-Occurs more often when in the supine position. When rising to a standing position, the
stomach slides back downward.
rolling (paraesophageal) hernia - Answer -Junction between the esophagus and stomach
remains in normal position (below diaphragm)
-Part of the stomach herniates through esophageal hiatus, forming a pocket alongside the
esophagus.
-More risk for complications because blood vessels move with the stomach:
-Increased risk of incarceration/strangulation
-Increased risk of gastritis and GI bleed
Hiatal hernia - Answer protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the
diaphragm
Physiology of Gastroparesis - Answer Occurs due to a blockage of nerve stimulation to the
stomach and results in the following:
-Vagus nerve, which innervates the stomach, is damaged by illness or injury, or elevated blood
sugar levels.
-This causes muscles in the stomach to stop functioning normally.
-Food does not move through the digestive tract properly (slows down or stops).
-Malnutrition can occur due to malabsorption of nutrients and/or reduced intake due to
