EXAM FOR ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Describe the nervous system control? - ANSWER-Hypothalamus controls many
functions. It is the major link between the nervous and the endocrine system
Which system controls and influences the exocrine and endocrine glands, and the
organs secreting hormones (cardiac & smooth muscles)? - ANSWER-The autonomic
nervous system divided in 2 main subsystems, sympathetic and parasympathetic
that tend to balance each other.
Describe external cues and rhythms control? - ANSWER-Hormones level are
controlled by the day and night cycles, specially true with animal for example during
mating. Human experience seasonal sadness
Location and anatomy of the pituitary gland? - ANSWER-Grape size gland inferior to
the brain and connected to the hypothalamus via a stalk (infundibulum), rest in the
fossa of the sphenoid bone
Components of the pituitary gland? - ANSWER-consists of 2 separated lobes, the
largest is the anterior pituitary gland and the smallest is the posterior pituitary gland
Which lobe is connected to the hypothalamus via blood vessels? - ANSWER-the
anterior pituitary gland
What are the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland? - ANSWER-Growth
hormone (GH, hGH), Prolactin (PRL) and Tropic Hormones
Growth Hormone (GH) targets which cells or organs? What does it promote? -
ANSWER-Cells in the liver, skeletal muscles, bones. Promotes healing and tissues
repair
Prolactin (PRL) targets which cells or organs? What does it promotes? - ANSWER-
Mammary glands. Promotes lactation in females
What disorder is caused by a hyper secretion of prolactin in males? - ANSWER-
erectile dysfunction (impotence)
What disorder is caused by hyper secretion of Growth hormones during childhood
and adulthood? - ANSWER-giantism and acromegaly
Tropic Hormones (TSH) target which cells or organs? What does it promotes? -
ANSWER-Thyroid gland. Stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones
What are the 2 hormones stored and released NOT PRODUCED by the posterior
pituitary gland? - ANSWER-Oxytocin (OT) and Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) or
vassopressin
, What is the source, site production of OT and ADH? - ANSWER-Hypothalamus
Oxytocin (OT) targets which cells or organs? What does it promotes? - ANSWER-
Uterus and Breast. Triggers uterine contraction and stimulates milk ejection
Anti-Diuretic Hormones (ADH) targets which cells or organs? What does it
promotes? - ANSWER-Kidneys. Stimulates water re-absorption, tells the kidneys to
hang on to water
Anatomy and location of the Thyroid gland? - ANSWER-Butterfly shaped gland just
below the larynx inferior to the thyroid cartilage
A disorder of an enlarged thyroid? - ANSWER-Goiter
What are the 3 hormones produced by the thyroid gland? - ANSWER-Thyroxine
(T3), Triiodothyronine (T4) and Calcitonin (CT)
A disorder of hyper secretion of T3 and T4 Hormones? - ANSWER-Hyperthyroid,
trouble to keep weight on
T3 and T4 Hormones general functions? - ANSWER-Regulate basal metabolism,
plays important role in the maintenance of body temperature
What is the function of CT Hormone? - ANSWER-Decreases the level of calcium in
the blood by inhibiting the action of the osteoclasts (cells that break down bone)
Anatomy and location of the Parathyroid Glands? - ANSWER-Small round mass
embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
What are the hormones produced by the parathyroid glands? - ANSWER-parathyroid
Hormone (PTH)
What is the function of PTH Hormone? - ANSWER-Increases the level of calcium in
the blood by increasing the number of osteoclasts, cells that break down bone and
release calcium. Also tells the kidney not to loose calcium
What are the hormones produced by the skin? - ANSWER-Calcitriol, active form of
vitamin D
What is the function of calcitriol? - ANSWER-Helps absorb calcium from the
digestive track to increase the rate of calcium
Anatomy and location of the adrenal glands? - ANSWER-on top of each kidney.
Each adrenal gland has regions that produce different hormones
What are the two regions of the adrenal gland? - ANSWER-Adrenal Cortex (outer)
and Adrenal Medulla (inner)
What is the speed of response in the nervous system? - ANSWER-Very fast. Nerve
impulse are very quick
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Describe the nervous system control? - ANSWER-Hypothalamus controls many
functions. It is the major link between the nervous and the endocrine system
Which system controls and influences the exocrine and endocrine glands, and the
organs secreting hormones (cardiac & smooth muscles)? - ANSWER-The autonomic
nervous system divided in 2 main subsystems, sympathetic and parasympathetic
that tend to balance each other.
Describe external cues and rhythms control? - ANSWER-Hormones level are
controlled by the day and night cycles, specially true with animal for example during
mating. Human experience seasonal sadness
Location and anatomy of the pituitary gland? - ANSWER-Grape size gland inferior to
the brain and connected to the hypothalamus via a stalk (infundibulum), rest in the
fossa of the sphenoid bone
Components of the pituitary gland? - ANSWER-consists of 2 separated lobes, the
largest is the anterior pituitary gland and the smallest is the posterior pituitary gland
Which lobe is connected to the hypothalamus via blood vessels? - ANSWER-the
anterior pituitary gland
What are the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland? - ANSWER-Growth
hormone (GH, hGH), Prolactin (PRL) and Tropic Hormones
Growth Hormone (GH) targets which cells or organs? What does it promote? -
ANSWER-Cells in the liver, skeletal muscles, bones. Promotes healing and tissues
repair
Prolactin (PRL) targets which cells or organs? What does it promotes? - ANSWER-
Mammary glands. Promotes lactation in females
What disorder is caused by a hyper secretion of prolactin in males? - ANSWER-
erectile dysfunction (impotence)
What disorder is caused by hyper secretion of Growth hormones during childhood
and adulthood? - ANSWER-giantism and acromegaly
Tropic Hormones (TSH) target which cells or organs? What does it promotes? -
ANSWER-Thyroid gland. Stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones
What are the 2 hormones stored and released NOT PRODUCED by the posterior
pituitary gland? - ANSWER-Oxytocin (OT) and Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) or
vassopressin
, What is the source, site production of OT and ADH? - ANSWER-Hypothalamus
Oxytocin (OT) targets which cells or organs? What does it promotes? - ANSWER-
Uterus and Breast. Triggers uterine contraction and stimulates milk ejection
Anti-Diuretic Hormones (ADH) targets which cells or organs? What does it
promotes? - ANSWER-Kidneys. Stimulates water re-absorption, tells the kidneys to
hang on to water
Anatomy and location of the Thyroid gland? - ANSWER-Butterfly shaped gland just
below the larynx inferior to the thyroid cartilage
A disorder of an enlarged thyroid? - ANSWER-Goiter
What are the 3 hormones produced by the thyroid gland? - ANSWER-Thyroxine
(T3), Triiodothyronine (T4) and Calcitonin (CT)
A disorder of hyper secretion of T3 and T4 Hormones? - ANSWER-Hyperthyroid,
trouble to keep weight on
T3 and T4 Hormones general functions? - ANSWER-Regulate basal metabolism,
plays important role in the maintenance of body temperature
What is the function of CT Hormone? - ANSWER-Decreases the level of calcium in
the blood by inhibiting the action of the osteoclasts (cells that break down bone)
Anatomy and location of the Parathyroid Glands? - ANSWER-Small round mass
embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
What are the hormones produced by the parathyroid glands? - ANSWER-parathyroid
Hormone (PTH)
What is the function of PTH Hormone? - ANSWER-Increases the level of calcium in
the blood by increasing the number of osteoclasts, cells that break down bone and
release calcium. Also tells the kidney not to loose calcium
What are the hormones produced by the skin? - ANSWER-Calcitriol, active form of
vitamin D
What is the function of calcitriol? - ANSWER-Helps absorb calcium from the
digestive track to increase the rate of calcium
Anatomy and location of the adrenal glands? - ANSWER-on top of each kidney.
Each adrenal gland has regions that produce different hormones
What are the two regions of the adrenal gland? - ANSWER-Adrenal Cortex (outer)
and Adrenal Medulla (inner)
What is the speed of response in the nervous system? - ANSWER-Very fast. Nerve
impulse are very quick
