NURS 8024 EXAMS SET 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
RATED A+
✔✔Treatment for UTI in non-pregnant patient - ✔✔1* Nitrofurantoin (macrobid) 100mg
BID x5 days
2- Fosfomycin (monurol) 3g x1
3- Bactrim (TMP/SMX) 160/800 BID x3 days (IF resistance is <20%)
✔✔Treatment for UTI in a PREGNANT patient - ✔✔PCN (amoxicillin) - 500mg Q8H for
5-7 days OR 875mg Q12H for 5-7 days
Augmentin (amoxicillin-clavunate)
Cephalosporin (Keflex/Cephalexin)- 250-500mg Q6H for 5-7 days
✔✔what medication for UTI is avoided at end of pregnancy and in patients with glucose-
6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency d/t risk of hemolytic anemia in the newborn? -
✔✔nitrofurantoin
✔✔what medication for UTI is avoided in the FIRST and THIRD trimester b/c it is a
folate antagonist (1st trimester) and in those with g6pd (third trimester; hemolytic
anemia) and in those with sulfa allergy? - ✔✔Bactrim (TMP/SMX)
✔✔This type of diabetes typically begins in childhood, and is d/t beta cell
destruction...there is a genetic component (especially w/ 1st degree relatives)...requires
insulin - ✔✔type I DM
✔✔this type of diabetes is d/t insulin deficiency/secretory effect & increased hepatic
glucose production...lifestyle modification (exercise/diet), oral anti-DM's, sometimes
insulin - ✔✔Type II DM
✔✔what is the prevalence of type I DM in the US - ✔✔10% of those diagnosed w/ DM
have type I
✔✔what is the prevalence of type II DM in the US - ✔✔1 in 10 Americans; >14 million
cases
✔✔risk factors for type II DM include: - ✔✔obesity
sedentary lifestyle
family h/o
certain races (native Americans, Hispanics, blacks, Asians)
high cholesterol
✔✔what is the prevalence of obesity in the US - ✔✔68.8% of the US population
80% AA's, 78% Hispanics (compared to 60.3% of non-Hispanic White women)
,✔✔what are the risks associated with being obese? - ✔✔heart disease, HTN, type II
DM, stroke, cancer, cholecystitis, OSA, disability, OA
✔✔who is most at risk for developing osteoarthritis? - ✔✔older females
(also repetitive joint stress/overuse)
✔✔what is the patho behind ostearthritis? - ✔✔degeneration of articular cartilage and
subchondral bone causing synovial inflammation (bone ends thicken and form bone
spurs)
✔✔osteoarthritis causes what type of joint pain... - ✔✔unilateral (one sided),
asymmetrical joint pain
✔✔what type of nodes are common with osteoarthritis - ✔✔herberdens, bouchards
✔✔in osteoarthritis, pain worsens with movement and subsides with rest, and causes
AM joint stiffness t or f - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔most common sites affected by osteoarthritis - ✔✔knees, hips, hands,
cervical/lumbar spine
✔✔what is the first line management for osteoarthritis? - ✔✔NSAID's
✔✔the exact etiology of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown; t or f
*thought to be an autoimmune component/chronic inflammation - ✔✔true
(there may be a genetic predisposition or environmental factors like bacterial infections
or asbestos)
✔✔rheumatoid occurs in men more than women; t or f - ✔✔FALSE
women > men
✔✔rheumatoid arthritis occurs bilaterally or unilaterally & asymmetrical or symmetrical
in wrists/fingers, hips, knees? - ✔✔BILATERALLY, SYMETRICALLY
✔✔in RA the joints are tender, warm, swollen, t or f - ✔✔true
✔✔pain with RA causes AM pain and stiffness, and stiffness is worse after a long rest
(vs. with OA where rest relieves pain) t or f - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔what is the treatment for RA? - ✔✔- DMARDs (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic
drugs)
,- NSAIDs
- Steroids
- PT
✔✔this results from entrapment and compression of the median nerve and hand
tendons, occurs in women > men; management through NSAIDS, wrist splints...surgery
offers definitive treatment - ✔✔carpal tunnel syndrome
✔✔what lab tests are used to diagnose thyroid disease? - ✔✔TSH, T3, T4
✔✔what do labs look like in HYPOthyroid - ✔✔HIGH tsh
LOW t4
✔✔what do labs look like in HYPERthyroid - ✔✔LOW tsh
HIGH t4
✔✔what is the correct term for the disease caused by hyperthyroid? - ✔✔graves (aunt
cindy)
✔✔what is the correct term for the disease caused by hypothyroid? - ✔✔hashimotos
✔✔S/S of hyperthyroidism (remember metabolism is increased*) - ✔✔tachycardia
anxiety
exophthalmos (graves)
thinning hair
heat intolerance
weight loss
diarrhea
insomnia
✔✔S/S of hypothyroidism (remember metabolism is decreased*) - ✔✔bradycardia
depression
fatigue
dry skin/hair
brittle nails
cold intolerance
constipation
macroglossia
✔✔this is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis; is the most COMMON type of
hypothyroidism
*will cause + thyroid antibodies
*body creates antibodies against thyroid = destruction of thyroid tissue - ✔✔hashimoto's
, ✔✔this is chronic autoimmune hyperthyroidism; is the most COMMON type of
hyperthyroidism
*antibodies cause thyroid to secrete thyroid hormones in excess - ✔✔graves
✔✔if a patient gets an MMR vaccine, how long should they wait before trying to
conceive? - ✔✔4 weeks
✔✔do you have to wait after stopping OCP before trying to get pregnant? -
✔✔medically, NO, but it might be easier to track cycles if you've had a few off of the pill
✔✔education regarding pre-conception...women should start... - ✔✔taking a PNV that
contains folic acid***
✔✔When is the most fertile period? - ✔✔3-5 days prior to ovulation**
ACOG: Patients desiring pregnancy should be counseled that the fertile window is
having sexual intercourse in the 3-4 days before ovulation and that intercourse every 1-
2 days yields the highest pregnancy rates
✔✔explain tracking BBT... - ✔✔The BBT is your body's temperature when you are fully
at rest.
increases slightly during ovulation (0.5-1°F) and remains high until the end of the
menstrual cycle.
The most fertile days are the 2-3 days before this increase in temperature.
To monitor your BBT, take your temperature every morning after waking up, before any
activity, getting out of bed, or having anything to eat or drink. Record these
temperatures daily.
BBT by itself is not a good way to prevent or promote pregnancy. It shows only when
ovulation has already occurred, not when it is going to occur.
✔✔What is the life course perspective? - ✔✔health of a person over their life, and how it
determines overall health status
mental, physical, and social health of an individual that determines their health trajectory
✔✔Foods that contain folic acid... - ✔✔Green leafy vegetables, legumes, lentils,
oranges (citrus), bananas, eggs, nuts/seeds, grains & organ meats, fortified grains
(cereals)
✔✔common risk factors for major depression - ✔✔life stressors (job/finances)
lack of support
RATED A+
✔✔Treatment for UTI in non-pregnant patient - ✔✔1* Nitrofurantoin (macrobid) 100mg
BID x5 days
2- Fosfomycin (monurol) 3g x1
3- Bactrim (TMP/SMX) 160/800 BID x3 days (IF resistance is <20%)
✔✔Treatment for UTI in a PREGNANT patient - ✔✔PCN (amoxicillin) - 500mg Q8H for
5-7 days OR 875mg Q12H for 5-7 days
Augmentin (amoxicillin-clavunate)
Cephalosporin (Keflex/Cephalexin)- 250-500mg Q6H for 5-7 days
✔✔what medication for UTI is avoided at end of pregnancy and in patients with glucose-
6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency d/t risk of hemolytic anemia in the newborn? -
✔✔nitrofurantoin
✔✔what medication for UTI is avoided in the FIRST and THIRD trimester b/c it is a
folate antagonist (1st trimester) and in those with g6pd (third trimester; hemolytic
anemia) and in those with sulfa allergy? - ✔✔Bactrim (TMP/SMX)
✔✔This type of diabetes typically begins in childhood, and is d/t beta cell
destruction...there is a genetic component (especially w/ 1st degree relatives)...requires
insulin - ✔✔type I DM
✔✔this type of diabetes is d/t insulin deficiency/secretory effect & increased hepatic
glucose production...lifestyle modification (exercise/diet), oral anti-DM's, sometimes
insulin - ✔✔Type II DM
✔✔what is the prevalence of type I DM in the US - ✔✔10% of those diagnosed w/ DM
have type I
✔✔what is the prevalence of type II DM in the US - ✔✔1 in 10 Americans; >14 million
cases
✔✔risk factors for type II DM include: - ✔✔obesity
sedentary lifestyle
family h/o
certain races (native Americans, Hispanics, blacks, Asians)
high cholesterol
✔✔what is the prevalence of obesity in the US - ✔✔68.8% of the US population
80% AA's, 78% Hispanics (compared to 60.3% of non-Hispanic White women)
,✔✔what are the risks associated with being obese? - ✔✔heart disease, HTN, type II
DM, stroke, cancer, cholecystitis, OSA, disability, OA
✔✔who is most at risk for developing osteoarthritis? - ✔✔older females
(also repetitive joint stress/overuse)
✔✔what is the patho behind ostearthritis? - ✔✔degeneration of articular cartilage and
subchondral bone causing synovial inflammation (bone ends thicken and form bone
spurs)
✔✔osteoarthritis causes what type of joint pain... - ✔✔unilateral (one sided),
asymmetrical joint pain
✔✔what type of nodes are common with osteoarthritis - ✔✔herberdens, bouchards
✔✔in osteoarthritis, pain worsens with movement and subsides with rest, and causes
AM joint stiffness t or f - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔most common sites affected by osteoarthritis - ✔✔knees, hips, hands,
cervical/lumbar spine
✔✔what is the first line management for osteoarthritis? - ✔✔NSAID's
✔✔the exact etiology of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown; t or f
*thought to be an autoimmune component/chronic inflammation - ✔✔true
(there may be a genetic predisposition or environmental factors like bacterial infections
or asbestos)
✔✔rheumatoid occurs in men more than women; t or f - ✔✔FALSE
women > men
✔✔rheumatoid arthritis occurs bilaterally or unilaterally & asymmetrical or symmetrical
in wrists/fingers, hips, knees? - ✔✔BILATERALLY, SYMETRICALLY
✔✔in RA the joints are tender, warm, swollen, t or f - ✔✔true
✔✔pain with RA causes AM pain and stiffness, and stiffness is worse after a long rest
(vs. with OA where rest relieves pain) t or f - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔what is the treatment for RA? - ✔✔- DMARDs (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic
drugs)
,- NSAIDs
- Steroids
- PT
✔✔this results from entrapment and compression of the median nerve and hand
tendons, occurs in women > men; management through NSAIDS, wrist splints...surgery
offers definitive treatment - ✔✔carpal tunnel syndrome
✔✔what lab tests are used to diagnose thyroid disease? - ✔✔TSH, T3, T4
✔✔what do labs look like in HYPOthyroid - ✔✔HIGH tsh
LOW t4
✔✔what do labs look like in HYPERthyroid - ✔✔LOW tsh
HIGH t4
✔✔what is the correct term for the disease caused by hyperthyroid? - ✔✔graves (aunt
cindy)
✔✔what is the correct term for the disease caused by hypothyroid? - ✔✔hashimotos
✔✔S/S of hyperthyroidism (remember metabolism is increased*) - ✔✔tachycardia
anxiety
exophthalmos (graves)
thinning hair
heat intolerance
weight loss
diarrhea
insomnia
✔✔S/S of hypothyroidism (remember metabolism is decreased*) - ✔✔bradycardia
depression
fatigue
dry skin/hair
brittle nails
cold intolerance
constipation
macroglossia
✔✔this is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis; is the most COMMON type of
hypothyroidism
*will cause + thyroid antibodies
*body creates antibodies against thyroid = destruction of thyroid tissue - ✔✔hashimoto's
, ✔✔this is chronic autoimmune hyperthyroidism; is the most COMMON type of
hyperthyroidism
*antibodies cause thyroid to secrete thyroid hormones in excess - ✔✔graves
✔✔if a patient gets an MMR vaccine, how long should they wait before trying to
conceive? - ✔✔4 weeks
✔✔do you have to wait after stopping OCP before trying to get pregnant? -
✔✔medically, NO, but it might be easier to track cycles if you've had a few off of the pill
✔✔education regarding pre-conception...women should start... - ✔✔taking a PNV that
contains folic acid***
✔✔When is the most fertile period? - ✔✔3-5 days prior to ovulation**
ACOG: Patients desiring pregnancy should be counseled that the fertile window is
having sexual intercourse in the 3-4 days before ovulation and that intercourse every 1-
2 days yields the highest pregnancy rates
✔✔explain tracking BBT... - ✔✔The BBT is your body's temperature when you are fully
at rest.
increases slightly during ovulation (0.5-1°F) and remains high until the end of the
menstrual cycle.
The most fertile days are the 2-3 days before this increase in temperature.
To monitor your BBT, take your temperature every morning after waking up, before any
activity, getting out of bed, or having anything to eat or drink. Record these
temperatures daily.
BBT by itself is not a good way to prevent or promote pregnancy. It shows only when
ovulation has already occurred, not when it is going to occur.
✔✔What is the life course perspective? - ✔✔health of a person over their life, and how it
determines overall health status
mental, physical, and social health of an individual that determines their health trajectory
✔✔Foods that contain folic acid... - ✔✔Green leafy vegetables, legumes, lentils,
oranges (citrus), bananas, eggs, nuts/seeds, grains & organ meats, fortified grains
(cereals)
✔✔common risk factors for major depression - ✔✔life stressors (job/finances)
lack of support
