NURS 8024 ACTUAL EXAMINATION 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔what is the MC endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women? - ✔✔PCOS
✔✔characteristics of PCOS - ✔✔hyperandrogenism
chronic anovulation
polycystic ovaries on US
^at least 2 of those must be present for dx
✔✔BRCA 1 - ✔✔normally acts of restrain growth of cells in the breast
when mutated, predisposes to breast cancer
increases risk of breast ca by 55-65%
increases risk of ovarian ca by 39%
✔✔BRCA2 - ✔✔provides instructions for making a protein that acts as a tumor
suppressor; Most BRCA2 gene mutations lead to the production of an abnormally small,
nonfunctional version of the BRCA2 . As a result, less of this protein is available to help
repair damaged DNA or fix mutations that occur in other genes
✔✔ACOG recommends what regarding mammography: - ✔✔every 1-2 years beginning
at age ***40 years.
If you have not started screening in your 40s, you should start having mammography no
later than age 50 years. Screening should continue until at least age 75 years.
✔✔USPSTF recommendations for mammography: - ✔✔biennial screening starting at
age 50-74
✔✔American cancer society recommendations for mammography: - ✔✔Women 45 to
54 should get mammograms every year. Women 55 and older can switch to a
mammogram every other year, or they can choose to continue yearly mammograms.
✔✔when is an US indicated for evaluation of a breast lesion? - ✔✔women younger than
30
✔✔when is a diagnostic mammogram w/ or w/out US indicated for evaluation of breast
lesion? - ✔✔women > 30
✔✔what can a breast US do - ✔✔help you differentiate between a cystic mass vs. solid
mass
,✔✔a woman presents with CC of spontaneous "bloody" nipple discharge from her R
breast for the past 3 months...what are the possible diagnoses? - ✔✔intraductal
papilloma*
breast cancer
✔✔what is the management plan for a patient with bloody nipple discharge? - ✔✔breast
exam
mammo if over 30
US if under 30
possible referral for biopsy/excision
✔✔what disease causes itchy nipples? - ✔✔paget's disease
✔✔55 year old woman presents with CC stating that with her monthly SBE's, she has
noted a change in her R breast- last mammo was 2 years ago, there is no nipple
discharge or pain. on exam you note a 2-cm, mobile, non-tender mass, in the RUQ of
the breast.
what is your mgmt plan? - ✔✔mgmt: she needs a diagnostic mammo w/ or w/out US
(she is >30)
remember- most breast cancers occur in the RUQ of the breast
✔✔in women who are postmenopausal...masses are presumed to be malignant until
proven otherwise, t or f - ✔✔true!!
✔✔16 year old presents with CC of mass in her R breast- it is not painful, is 3-cm,
movable, rubbery. her mom had just instructed her on how to perform SBE's so she's
not sure how long it has been there. what is the most likely diagnosis? -
✔✔fibroadenoma (MC type of breast mass in adolescents and young women)
✔✔what is the mgmt plan for the 16 year old with the breast mass (most likely
fibroadenoma)? - ✔✔US (best diagnostic tool for this age group...<30)
✔✔what is the criteria for diagnosis of osteoporosis? - ✔✔loss of bone mass/tissue
change in bone architecture = loss of strength and fracture risk
✔✔What T-score indicates osteoporosis? - ✔✔T score of -2.5 or less
✔✔What does the T score represent? - ✔✔the number of standard deviations that a
patients bone mineral density is above or below the average BMD for young, gender
matched healthy adult
, ✔✔What does a z-score represent for bone mineral density? - ✔✔compares the BMD of
an age, sex, and ethnicity matched population.
✔✔Z scores of -2.0 or less is defined as... - ✔✔"below the expected range for age"
✔✔how much calcium is recommended (dietary or supplemented) for a
menopausal/perimenopausal woman? - ✔✔1200mg/day
-adequate Vit D
-weight bearing
-fall prevention
-stop smoking
-limit ETOH
✔✔what is vulvodynia? - ✔✔vulvar discomfort (usually burning) lasting @ least 3
months with no visible lesions or neuro dx can be made.
✔✔what are 3 etiologies of vulvodynia? - ✔✔- inflammation
- hormonal
- musculoskeletal
✔✔what is the management of vulvodynia? - ✔✔reiterate to the pt it is NOT just "in her
head"
avoid irritants
loose clothing, shower rather than bathe
unscented soaps
CBT
pelvic floor therapy
acupuncture
✔✔what medications can be used for vulvodynia? - ✔✔-triptyline's
-effexor
-cymbalta
✔✔What is dyspareunia? - ✔✔painful sexual intercourse
✔✔it is determined a 55 year old woman is experiencing dyspareunia due to vaginal
dryness; she is not on any medications. what is your management plan? - ✔✔vaginal
estrogen
vaginal lubricant w/ every encounter
shifting of positions/hips during sex
✔✔define sexual assualt - ✔✔unwanted sexual contact that is forced upon an
individual; umbrella term for any sexual act that is attempted or committed against
someone who has not given their consent
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔what is the MC endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women? - ✔✔PCOS
✔✔characteristics of PCOS - ✔✔hyperandrogenism
chronic anovulation
polycystic ovaries on US
^at least 2 of those must be present for dx
✔✔BRCA 1 - ✔✔normally acts of restrain growth of cells in the breast
when mutated, predisposes to breast cancer
increases risk of breast ca by 55-65%
increases risk of ovarian ca by 39%
✔✔BRCA2 - ✔✔provides instructions for making a protein that acts as a tumor
suppressor; Most BRCA2 gene mutations lead to the production of an abnormally small,
nonfunctional version of the BRCA2 . As a result, less of this protein is available to help
repair damaged DNA or fix mutations that occur in other genes
✔✔ACOG recommends what regarding mammography: - ✔✔every 1-2 years beginning
at age ***40 years.
If you have not started screening in your 40s, you should start having mammography no
later than age 50 years. Screening should continue until at least age 75 years.
✔✔USPSTF recommendations for mammography: - ✔✔biennial screening starting at
age 50-74
✔✔American cancer society recommendations for mammography: - ✔✔Women 45 to
54 should get mammograms every year. Women 55 and older can switch to a
mammogram every other year, or they can choose to continue yearly mammograms.
✔✔when is an US indicated for evaluation of a breast lesion? - ✔✔women younger than
30
✔✔when is a diagnostic mammogram w/ or w/out US indicated for evaluation of breast
lesion? - ✔✔women > 30
✔✔what can a breast US do - ✔✔help you differentiate between a cystic mass vs. solid
mass
,✔✔a woman presents with CC of spontaneous "bloody" nipple discharge from her R
breast for the past 3 months...what are the possible diagnoses? - ✔✔intraductal
papilloma*
breast cancer
✔✔what is the management plan for a patient with bloody nipple discharge? - ✔✔breast
exam
mammo if over 30
US if under 30
possible referral for biopsy/excision
✔✔what disease causes itchy nipples? - ✔✔paget's disease
✔✔55 year old woman presents with CC stating that with her monthly SBE's, she has
noted a change in her R breast- last mammo was 2 years ago, there is no nipple
discharge or pain. on exam you note a 2-cm, mobile, non-tender mass, in the RUQ of
the breast.
what is your mgmt plan? - ✔✔mgmt: she needs a diagnostic mammo w/ or w/out US
(she is >30)
remember- most breast cancers occur in the RUQ of the breast
✔✔in women who are postmenopausal...masses are presumed to be malignant until
proven otherwise, t or f - ✔✔true!!
✔✔16 year old presents with CC of mass in her R breast- it is not painful, is 3-cm,
movable, rubbery. her mom had just instructed her on how to perform SBE's so she's
not sure how long it has been there. what is the most likely diagnosis? -
✔✔fibroadenoma (MC type of breast mass in adolescents and young women)
✔✔what is the mgmt plan for the 16 year old with the breast mass (most likely
fibroadenoma)? - ✔✔US (best diagnostic tool for this age group...<30)
✔✔what is the criteria for diagnosis of osteoporosis? - ✔✔loss of bone mass/tissue
change in bone architecture = loss of strength and fracture risk
✔✔What T-score indicates osteoporosis? - ✔✔T score of -2.5 or less
✔✔What does the T score represent? - ✔✔the number of standard deviations that a
patients bone mineral density is above or below the average BMD for young, gender
matched healthy adult
, ✔✔What does a z-score represent for bone mineral density? - ✔✔compares the BMD of
an age, sex, and ethnicity matched population.
✔✔Z scores of -2.0 or less is defined as... - ✔✔"below the expected range for age"
✔✔how much calcium is recommended (dietary or supplemented) for a
menopausal/perimenopausal woman? - ✔✔1200mg/day
-adequate Vit D
-weight bearing
-fall prevention
-stop smoking
-limit ETOH
✔✔what is vulvodynia? - ✔✔vulvar discomfort (usually burning) lasting @ least 3
months with no visible lesions or neuro dx can be made.
✔✔what are 3 etiologies of vulvodynia? - ✔✔- inflammation
- hormonal
- musculoskeletal
✔✔what is the management of vulvodynia? - ✔✔reiterate to the pt it is NOT just "in her
head"
avoid irritants
loose clothing, shower rather than bathe
unscented soaps
CBT
pelvic floor therapy
acupuncture
✔✔what medications can be used for vulvodynia? - ✔✔-triptyline's
-effexor
-cymbalta
✔✔What is dyspareunia? - ✔✔painful sexual intercourse
✔✔it is determined a 55 year old woman is experiencing dyspareunia due to vaginal
dryness; she is not on any medications. what is your management plan? - ✔✔vaginal
estrogen
vaginal lubricant w/ every encounter
shifting of positions/hips during sex
✔✔define sexual assualt - ✔✔unwanted sexual contact that is forced upon an
individual; umbrella term for any sexual act that is attempted or committed against
someone who has not given their consent
