ANAT 315 - Trunk and Spine UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Parts of a vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - vertebral body, vertebral foramen, spinous
and transverse processes, vertebral arch, lamina, pedicle, superior and inferior articular processes
what creates intervertebral foramina and what is their purpose - CORRECT ANSWER -
they are created by the superior and inferior vertebral notches, and they allow the spinal nerves
to exit
Elements of the Atlas - CORRECT ANSWER - no vertebral body, large foramina, no
processes, lateral masses with superior articular facets (to skull), anterior/posterior arch
elements of the axis - CORRECT ANSWER - no vertebral body or processes, dens
elements of c3-c7 - CORRECT ANSWER - bifid spinous process, triangular vertebral
foramen, transverse foramina, uncinate processes
what do the transverse foramina contain - CORRECT ANSWER - vertebral artery
What do the uncinate processes do? - CORRECT ANSWER - they limit lateral extension
of the neck
what indicates thoracic vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - giraffe shaped, facets for rib
attachment, heart shaped vertebral body
what indicates lumbar vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - kidney bean shaped body, short
spinous process
,what is the area of the sacrum that supports the weight - CORRECT ANSWER - sacral
promontory
what are the 2 extensions of the sacrum - CORRECT ANSWER - ala (wing)
what forms the transverse ridges - CORRECT ANSWER - fusion of vertebrae
what is the coccyx - CORRECT ANSWER - the apex of the sacrum, 4 fused vertebrae
what forms the lateral and medial crests - CORRECT ANSWER - lateral = transverse
proc.
medial = spinous proc.
what are the holes in the sacrum - CORRECT ANSWER - ant/post. sacral foramina
what is the joint between atlas and skull - CORRECT ANSWER - atlanto-occipital joint
what is the joint between c1-c2 - CORRECT ANSWER - atlanto-axial joint
what joints bind the uncinate processes of c3-c7 - CORRECT ANSWER - uncovertebral
joints
what joints separate vertebral bodies - CORRECT ANSWER - intervertebral joints
what joints join Inf and Sup articular facets of vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER -
zygapophyseal joints
what is the type of joint and the purpose of the atlanto-occipital joint. list its ligaments. -
CORRECT ANSWER - 2 condylar joints, head extension/flexion (nodding) and minimal
, lateral movement, axial rotation. it is held by the tectorial membrane and the posterior atlanto-
occipital membrane. joins head and C1
what is the type of joint and the purpose of the atlanto-axial joint. list its ligaments - CORRECT
ANSWER - it is a pivot joint, allowing rotation of head. cruciform, alar and transverse
ligaments. joins c1 and c2
what is the type of joint of the intervertebral joints - CORRECT ANSWER - solid:
symphysis joints, join vertebral bodies
what is the type of joint and the purpose of the uncovertebral joints - CORRECT
ANSWER - synovial gliding joints, guide flexion/extension of spine while limiting lateral
flexion. join uncinate processes
what is the type of joint and the purpose of the zygapophysial joints - CORRECT
ANSWER - synovial gliding joints, allow flexion and extension of spine. join facets on
sup/inf articular processes, get steeper as you go lower.
what is the ligament lining the rear of the spine - CORRECT ANSWER - posterior
longitudinal ligament (limits extension)
what is the ligament lining the front of the spine - CORRECT ANSWER - anterior
longitudinal ligament (limits flexion)
what are the 2 ligaments on the spinous processes - CORRECT ANSWER - supraspinous
and interspinous ligaments (limit extension)
what is the ligament in between transverse processes - CORRECT ANSWER -
intertransverse ligament (limit lateral extension/flexion)
what ligament joins the laminae - CORRECT ANSWER - ligamentum flavium
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Parts of a vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - vertebral body, vertebral foramen, spinous
and transverse processes, vertebral arch, lamina, pedicle, superior and inferior articular processes
what creates intervertebral foramina and what is their purpose - CORRECT ANSWER -
they are created by the superior and inferior vertebral notches, and they allow the spinal nerves
to exit
Elements of the Atlas - CORRECT ANSWER - no vertebral body, large foramina, no
processes, lateral masses with superior articular facets (to skull), anterior/posterior arch
elements of the axis - CORRECT ANSWER - no vertebral body or processes, dens
elements of c3-c7 - CORRECT ANSWER - bifid spinous process, triangular vertebral
foramen, transverse foramina, uncinate processes
what do the transverse foramina contain - CORRECT ANSWER - vertebral artery
What do the uncinate processes do? - CORRECT ANSWER - they limit lateral extension
of the neck
what indicates thoracic vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - giraffe shaped, facets for rib
attachment, heart shaped vertebral body
what indicates lumbar vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - kidney bean shaped body, short
spinous process
,what is the area of the sacrum that supports the weight - CORRECT ANSWER - sacral
promontory
what are the 2 extensions of the sacrum - CORRECT ANSWER - ala (wing)
what forms the transverse ridges - CORRECT ANSWER - fusion of vertebrae
what is the coccyx - CORRECT ANSWER - the apex of the sacrum, 4 fused vertebrae
what forms the lateral and medial crests - CORRECT ANSWER - lateral = transverse
proc.
medial = spinous proc.
what are the holes in the sacrum - CORRECT ANSWER - ant/post. sacral foramina
what is the joint between atlas and skull - CORRECT ANSWER - atlanto-occipital joint
what is the joint between c1-c2 - CORRECT ANSWER - atlanto-axial joint
what joints bind the uncinate processes of c3-c7 - CORRECT ANSWER - uncovertebral
joints
what joints separate vertebral bodies - CORRECT ANSWER - intervertebral joints
what joints join Inf and Sup articular facets of vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER -
zygapophyseal joints
what is the type of joint and the purpose of the atlanto-occipital joint. list its ligaments. -
CORRECT ANSWER - 2 condylar joints, head extension/flexion (nodding) and minimal
, lateral movement, axial rotation. it is held by the tectorial membrane and the posterior atlanto-
occipital membrane. joins head and C1
what is the type of joint and the purpose of the atlanto-axial joint. list its ligaments - CORRECT
ANSWER - it is a pivot joint, allowing rotation of head. cruciform, alar and transverse
ligaments. joins c1 and c2
what is the type of joint of the intervertebral joints - CORRECT ANSWER - solid:
symphysis joints, join vertebral bodies
what is the type of joint and the purpose of the uncovertebral joints - CORRECT
ANSWER - synovial gliding joints, guide flexion/extension of spine while limiting lateral
flexion. join uncinate processes
what is the type of joint and the purpose of the zygapophysial joints - CORRECT
ANSWER - synovial gliding joints, allow flexion and extension of spine. join facets on
sup/inf articular processes, get steeper as you go lower.
what is the ligament lining the rear of the spine - CORRECT ANSWER - posterior
longitudinal ligament (limits extension)
what is the ligament lining the front of the spine - CORRECT ANSWER - anterior
longitudinal ligament (limits flexion)
what are the 2 ligaments on the spinous processes - CORRECT ANSWER - supraspinous
and interspinous ligaments (limit extension)
what is the ligament in between transverse processes - CORRECT ANSWER -
intertransverse ligament (limit lateral extension/flexion)
what ligament joins the laminae - CORRECT ANSWER - ligamentum flavium
