ANAT 315 Upper Limb ACTUAL
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Compare the upper and lower limb in terms of mobility and robustness. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Upper limb is much more mobile than lower, but is much less robust (doesn't
bear burdens of weight-bearing and locomotion)
Describe the basic composition of the upper limb. - CORRECT ANSWER - Four
musculoskeletal levers connected by three joints
Levers = pectoral girdle (shoulder), arm (upper arm), forearm, and hand
Joints = shoulder, elbow, and wrist
The upper limb is provided with blood by ________. - CORRECT ANSWER - One main
arterial trunk (axillary / brachial artery)
Blood is drained from the upper limb by _________. - CORRECT ANSWER - Two sets
of veins, superficial and deep
List the 3 bones involved in the pectoral girdle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Scapula,
clavicle, and proximal humerus
Describe the importance of the scapula to the upper limb. - CORRECT ANSWER - Key to
mobility
Slides and rotates on chest wall, allowing for large range of motion
Describe the shape of the scapula. - CORRECT ANSWER - Long and triangular, slightly
concave anteriorly
,Where is the scapula located? - CORRECT ANSWER - Upper dorsal thorax between T2-
T7, with medial border 5 cm lateral of vertebral spines
Describe the three borders of the scapula. - CORRECT ANSWER - Superior border =
across top, between superior and lateral angle
Medial border = straight side, parallel to vertebral column, thin except for at inferior angle
Lateral border = angled side running to lateral angle, thick
Why is the lateral border of the scapula thick? - CORRECT ANSWER - Serves as
attachment site for large muscle groups
What is the lateral angle and what is found here? - CORRECT ANSWER - Outermost
angle of the scapula
Has glenoid fossa, suprascapular notch, and coracoid process
What is the scapula spine and where precisely does it run? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Prominent posterior ridge
Starts 1/3 of the way down the medial border and runs across to lateral angle (turns into
acromion)
What is found along the scapula spine and what is its purpose? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Tubercle (about 1/3 way along)
Insertion point for trapezius
What is the acromion? - CORRECT ANSWER - Large process extending out from
scapula spine at the lateral angle
What forms the point of the shoulder? - CORRECT ANSWER - Extreme lateral end of the
acromion
,Describe the location of the facet on the acromion and its purpose. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Faces medially
Forms acromioclavicular joint
What is the coracoid process? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anterolateral projection from
lateral angle of scapula
What is the function of the coracoid process? - CORRECT ANSWER - Attachment point
for three muscles & three ligaments
What is the glenoid fossa? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anterolaterally facing, pear-shaped
surface at the lateral angle
What is the function of the glenoid fossa? - CORRECT ANSWER - Forms the "socket"
for the glenohumeral joint
Differentiate between the two processes of the glenoid fossa. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Supraglenoid tubercle = above GF
Infraglenoid tubercle = below GF
What is the function of the supra & infraglenoid tubercles? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Origins of arm muscles
What is the subscapular fossa and what muscle originates here? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Anterior surface of the scapula, which is deep
Supscapularis muscle
What is the infraspinous fossa and what muscle originates here? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Posterior surface of scapula below the spine
Infraspinatus muscle
, What is the supraspinous fossa and what muscle originates here? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Posterior surface on the scapula above the spine, slightly depressed
Supraspinatus muscle
Describe the shape of the clavicle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Stout, S-shaped bone
From anterior view, convex medially and concave laterally
Differentiate between the two ends of the clavicle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Acromial
(lateral) end = larger chunk with narrower surface
Sternal (medial) end = smaller chunk with more circular surface
Describe the texture of the clavicle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Smooth top, rough bottom
(has tubercles for attachment of ligaments and muscles)
What two bones does the clavicle connect? - CORRECT ANSWER - Sternum and scapula
What two joints does the clavicle form? - CORRECT ANSWER - Sternoclavicular joint
(at the sternum)
Acromioclavicular joint (at the scapula)
What is the single most important clinical aspect of the clavicle? - CORRECT ANSWER -
It acts as a "strut" that holds the shoulder up and away from the ribcage
In addition to forming joints, what does the clavicle do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Provide
attachment for muscles
What do tubercles (lumps) on bones originate from? - CORRECT ANSWER - Muscles
and ligaments --> they are not present embryonically, but eventually form from the pulling
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Compare the upper and lower limb in terms of mobility and robustness. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Upper limb is much more mobile than lower, but is much less robust (doesn't
bear burdens of weight-bearing and locomotion)
Describe the basic composition of the upper limb. - CORRECT ANSWER - Four
musculoskeletal levers connected by three joints
Levers = pectoral girdle (shoulder), arm (upper arm), forearm, and hand
Joints = shoulder, elbow, and wrist
The upper limb is provided with blood by ________. - CORRECT ANSWER - One main
arterial trunk (axillary / brachial artery)
Blood is drained from the upper limb by _________. - CORRECT ANSWER - Two sets
of veins, superficial and deep
List the 3 bones involved in the pectoral girdle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Scapula,
clavicle, and proximal humerus
Describe the importance of the scapula to the upper limb. - CORRECT ANSWER - Key to
mobility
Slides and rotates on chest wall, allowing for large range of motion
Describe the shape of the scapula. - CORRECT ANSWER - Long and triangular, slightly
concave anteriorly
,Where is the scapula located? - CORRECT ANSWER - Upper dorsal thorax between T2-
T7, with medial border 5 cm lateral of vertebral spines
Describe the three borders of the scapula. - CORRECT ANSWER - Superior border =
across top, between superior and lateral angle
Medial border = straight side, parallel to vertebral column, thin except for at inferior angle
Lateral border = angled side running to lateral angle, thick
Why is the lateral border of the scapula thick? - CORRECT ANSWER - Serves as
attachment site for large muscle groups
What is the lateral angle and what is found here? - CORRECT ANSWER - Outermost
angle of the scapula
Has glenoid fossa, suprascapular notch, and coracoid process
What is the scapula spine and where precisely does it run? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Prominent posterior ridge
Starts 1/3 of the way down the medial border and runs across to lateral angle (turns into
acromion)
What is found along the scapula spine and what is its purpose? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Tubercle (about 1/3 way along)
Insertion point for trapezius
What is the acromion? - CORRECT ANSWER - Large process extending out from
scapula spine at the lateral angle
What forms the point of the shoulder? - CORRECT ANSWER - Extreme lateral end of the
acromion
,Describe the location of the facet on the acromion and its purpose. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Faces medially
Forms acromioclavicular joint
What is the coracoid process? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anterolateral projection from
lateral angle of scapula
What is the function of the coracoid process? - CORRECT ANSWER - Attachment point
for three muscles & three ligaments
What is the glenoid fossa? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anterolaterally facing, pear-shaped
surface at the lateral angle
What is the function of the glenoid fossa? - CORRECT ANSWER - Forms the "socket"
for the glenohumeral joint
Differentiate between the two processes of the glenoid fossa. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Supraglenoid tubercle = above GF
Infraglenoid tubercle = below GF
What is the function of the supra & infraglenoid tubercles? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Origins of arm muscles
What is the subscapular fossa and what muscle originates here? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Anterior surface of the scapula, which is deep
Supscapularis muscle
What is the infraspinous fossa and what muscle originates here? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Posterior surface of scapula below the spine
Infraspinatus muscle
, What is the supraspinous fossa and what muscle originates here? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Posterior surface on the scapula above the spine, slightly depressed
Supraspinatus muscle
Describe the shape of the clavicle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Stout, S-shaped bone
From anterior view, convex medially and concave laterally
Differentiate between the two ends of the clavicle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Acromial
(lateral) end = larger chunk with narrower surface
Sternal (medial) end = smaller chunk with more circular surface
Describe the texture of the clavicle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Smooth top, rough bottom
(has tubercles for attachment of ligaments and muscles)
What two bones does the clavicle connect? - CORRECT ANSWER - Sternum and scapula
What two joints does the clavicle form? - CORRECT ANSWER - Sternoclavicular joint
(at the sternum)
Acromioclavicular joint (at the scapula)
What is the single most important clinical aspect of the clavicle? - CORRECT ANSWER -
It acts as a "strut" that holds the shoulder up and away from the ribcage
In addition to forming joints, what does the clavicle do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Provide
attachment for muscles
What do tubercles (lumps) on bones originate from? - CORRECT ANSWER - Muscles
and ligaments --> they are not present embryonically, but eventually form from the pulling
