Public Health Complete Review Guide 2025 | Pass
First Try | Verified Test Bank
Interventions - full range of strategies designed to protect health and prevent disease,
disability, and death
high risk approach - focuses on those with the highest probability of developing disease
and aims to bring the risk close to levels experienced by the rest of the population
improving the average approach - focuses on entire population and aims to reduce the
risk for everyone
ancillary criteria - criteria used to help establish existence of contributory causes
contributory causes - immediate causes of disease
determinants - underlying factors "causes of causes" that ultimately bring about disease
BIG GEMS - social determinants of health: behavior, infection, genetics, geography,
environment, medical care, socio-economic culture
built environment - physical environment built for use by humans
demographic transition - impact of falling childhood death rates and extended life spans
on the size and age distribution of populations
epidemiological transition - as social and economic development occurs, different types
of disease become prominent
nutritional transition - countries frequently move from poorly balanced diets often
deficient in nutrients, to a highly processed terrible diet
PERIE process - stands for: problem, etiology, recommendations, implementation, and
evaluation
burden of disease - occurrence of disability and death due to a disease
morbidity - disability
mortality - death
cause of disease - how often the disease occurs, how likely it is to be present currently,
and what happens once it occurs
, rate - any type of measurement that has a numerator and denominator where the
numerator is a subset of the denominator (numerator includes only individuals who are also
included in denominator)
at risk population - ex: when looking at prostate cancer, only men would be at risk
population
incidence rate - measure chances of developing a disease over a period of time, usually
one year (number of new cases/ at risk population)
prevalence rate - number of individuals with disease/total population
true rate - rate including unit of time
etiology - cause of problem
case-fatality - relationship between incidence rate and mortality rate, estimates chances
of dying from disease once diagnosed
proportion - percentage of individuals who have disease at a point in time, told to us by
prevalence.
distribution of disease - who gets the disease, where are they located, when does the
disease occur
epidemiologist - public health professionals that investigate factors known as "person"
and "place" to find patter sin frequency of disease
group associations - patterns in frequency of disease may suggest ideas about etiology of
disease
risk indicators - place, behaviors, exposures that occur more frequently among groups
with the disease than without
age adjustment - look at rates of disease in each age group and the age distribution
age distribution - number of people in each age group in the population
standard population - currently using the year 2000, age adjustment is performed by
combining rates in each age group using age distribution of this population
confounding variable - no evidence of association at the individual level
contributory cause - cause is association with effect at individual level
First Try | Verified Test Bank
Interventions - full range of strategies designed to protect health and prevent disease,
disability, and death
high risk approach - focuses on those with the highest probability of developing disease
and aims to bring the risk close to levels experienced by the rest of the population
improving the average approach - focuses on entire population and aims to reduce the
risk for everyone
ancillary criteria - criteria used to help establish existence of contributory causes
contributory causes - immediate causes of disease
determinants - underlying factors "causes of causes" that ultimately bring about disease
BIG GEMS - social determinants of health: behavior, infection, genetics, geography,
environment, medical care, socio-economic culture
built environment - physical environment built for use by humans
demographic transition - impact of falling childhood death rates and extended life spans
on the size and age distribution of populations
epidemiological transition - as social and economic development occurs, different types
of disease become prominent
nutritional transition - countries frequently move from poorly balanced diets often
deficient in nutrients, to a highly processed terrible diet
PERIE process - stands for: problem, etiology, recommendations, implementation, and
evaluation
burden of disease - occurrence of disability and death due to a disease
morbidity - disability
mortality - death
cause of disease - how often the disease occurs, how likely it is to be present currently,
and what happens once it occurs
, rate - any type of measurement that has a numerator and denominator where the
numerator is a subset of the denominator (numerator includes only individuals who are also
included in denominator)
at risk population - ex: when looking at prostate cancer, only men would be at risk
population
incidence rate - measure chances of developing a disease over a period of time, usually
one year (number of new cases/ at risk population)
prevalence rate - number of individuals with disease/total population
true rate - rate including unit of time
etiology - cause of problem
case-fatality - relationship between incidence rate and mortality rate, estimates chances
of dying from disease once diagnosed
proportion - percentage of individuals who have disease at a point in time, told to us by
prevalence.
distribution of disease - who gets the disease, where are they located, when does the
disease occur
epidemiologist - public health professionals that investigate factors known as "person"
and "place" to find patter sin frequency of disease
group associations - patterns in frequency of disease may suggest ideas about etiology of
disease
risk indicators - place, behaviors, exposures that occur more frequently among groups
with the disease than without
age adjustment - look at rates of disease in each age group and the age distribution
age distribution - number of people in each age group in the population
standard population - currently using the year 2000, age adjustment is performed by
combining rates in each age group using age distribution of this population
confounding variable - no evidence of association at the individual level
contributory cause - cause is association with effect at individual level
