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BISC 101 Cellular and Molecular Biology Fall Study guide Midterm . Questions with correct and verified answers. A+ GRADED

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BISC 101 Cellular and Molecular Biology Fall Study guide Midterm . Questions with correct and verified answers. A+ GRADED. CH15 § What Is the Physical Basis of Inheritance? What inheritance means? §Inheritance is the process by which the traits of organisms are passed to their offspring § Genes, locus and alleles §Genes are sequences of nucleotides at specific locations on chromosomes –A gene is a unit of heredity that encodes information needed to produce proteins, cells, and entire organisms –Genes comprise segments of DNA ranging from a few hundred to many thousands of nucleotides in length –The location of a gene on a chromosome is called its locus (plural, loci) –Alternative versions of genes found at the same gene locus are called alleles –Alleles arise as mutations—changes in the nucleotide sequence in genes –If a mutation occurs in a cell that becomes a sperm or egg, it can be passed on from parent to offspring –Most mutations occurring in the DNA of an organism initially appeared in the reproductive cells § How Were the Principles of Inheritance Discovered? §Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, discovered the common patterns of inheritance and many essential facts about genes, alleles, and the distribution of alleles in gametes and zygotes during sexual reproduction

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