Test bank for Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology 9th Edition; By Julia Rogers| All Chapters 1-49 Full Covered| Original| Verified| Latest Version| Rated A+

,TEST BANK FORde de




McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and
de de de de de de de de de de de




Children 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
de de de de de de




Chapter 1-49 de




Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
de de de



Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
de de de de de de




MULTIPLE CHOICE de




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
de de de de de de de de de



a. Cells can produce proteins. de de de



b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. de de de de



c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. de de de de de de



d. Cells can synthesize fats. de de de




ANS: d e C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
de de de de de de de de de de de de de de



surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
de de de de de de de de de de de de



metabolic absorption.
de de




DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
de de de de de de de de de de de de



a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: d e C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most
de de de de de de de de de de de de de



of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate
de de de de de de de de de de de de de de



its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy
de de de de de de de de de de de



production.
de



Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
de de de de de de de de de de de



function as the intracellular digestive system.
de de de de de de




DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
de de de de de de de de de de de de



remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
de de de de de de de de de de



a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: d e B

, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
de de de de de de de de de de de de de



hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which
de de de de de de de de de de de de de



is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from
de de de de de de de de de de de de de



peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized
de de de de de de de de de



in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope
de de de de de de de de de de de de de de



called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the
de de de de de de de de de de de de



Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which
de de de de de de de de de de de de



catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a
de de de de de de de de de de de de de



vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
de de de de de de de de de de




DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
de de de de de de de de de de de de de



injury?
de



a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex de



c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum de de



d. Lysosomes
ANS: d e D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
de de de de de de de de de de de de



within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic
de de de de de de de de de de de de



matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a
de de de de de de de de de de de de de de



release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates,
de de de de de de de de de de de de de



causing cellular self- digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for
de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de



cellular protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles
de de de de de de de de de de de de de



and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is
de de de de de de de de de de de de de



involved in steroid hormone production and removing toxic substances from the cell.
de de de de de de de de de de de de




DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
de de de de de de de



a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction de de de de de de



b. Secretion of cortisol de de



c. Increased retention of water de de de



d. Breakdown of fat de de




ANS: d e C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
de de de de de de de de de de de de



increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de



Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
de de de de de de de




DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
de de de de de de de de de



a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: d e B

, The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de



period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase
de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de



(S
de



= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de



which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA
de de de de de de de de de de de de de



synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de



cytoplasmic division.
de de




DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
de de de de de de de de de de



receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
de de de de de de de de de de de



a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: d e C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
de de de de de de de de de de



electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding cell
de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de



membranes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved
de de de de de de de de de de de



in cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative
de de de de de de de de de de de



phosphorylation.
de




DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug
de de de de de de de de de de de de



de therapy for which human diseases?
de de de de



a. Cardiac and vascular disorders de de de



b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders de de de



c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders de de de



d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders de de de




ANS: d e B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
de de de de de de de de de de de de



interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
de de de de de de de de de de



including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
de de de de de de de de



gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
de de de de de de de de de de




DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering de de




9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
de de de de de de de de de de



membrane?
de



a. Carbohydrate chains de



b. Glycoprotein channels de



c. Membrane channel proteins de de



d. Lipid bilayer de




ANS: d e D