BIO 155 Study Guide Actual Latest set
with Questions & correct/verified
Answers
What are the natures of science? - ANSWER-1. Science demands evidence
2. Science is a blend of logic and imagination
3. Science explains and predicts
4. Scientists try to identify and avoid bias
5. Scientific ideas are subject to change
6. There is no one scientific method
7. Science deals only with natural patterns and explanations
What has biological inquiry evolved into mainly these days? - ANSWER-A hypothesis-driven and
evidence-based practice
What is biology? - ANSWER-The study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and
their environments
What is science? - ANSWER-Knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws,
especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method
What is the scientific method? - ANSWER-A method of research with defined steps that include
experiments and careful observation
What is a hypothesis? - ANSWER-1. A suggested explanation for an event, which can be tested. (text
book)
2. A statement that describes the relationships among two or more biological variables (lab notebook)
What is a null hypothesis? - ANSWER-States that there is NO relationship between the independent
variable and the dependent variable. Therefore, the independent variable does not affect the dependent
variable.
What is an alternative hypothesis? - ANSWER-States that there IS a relationship between the
independent variable and the dependent variable. It does not confirm the desired outcome.
Why are the null and alternative hypotheses used? - ANSWER-To avoid bias
What is a theory? - ANSWER-A tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena
What are natural sciences? - ANSWER-Fields of science related to the physical world and its phenomena
and processes
What are life sciences? - ANSWER-The study of living things and includes biology
,What are physical sciences? - ANSWER-The study of nonliving matter. This includes astronomy, geology,
physics, chemistry.
What is inductive reasoning? - ANSWER-A form of logical thinking that uses related observations to
arrive at a general conclusion. Data can be qualitative or quantitative. It involves formulating
generalizations inferred from careful observation and the analysis of a large amount of data.
What field of science is inductive reasoning commonly used? - ANSWER-Descriptive science. Life
scientists, like a biologist, makes observations and records them.
What is deductive reasoning? - ANSWER-A form of logical thinking that uses a general principle or law to
forecast specific results. These predictions have been made and tested.
What type of science uses deductive reasoning? - ANSWER-Used in climate change predictions.
What is descriptive science? - ANSWER-Aims to observe, explore, discover, and is usually inductive.
What is hypothesis-based science? - ANSWER-Begins with a specific question or problem, and a potential
ANSWER or solution that can be tested. It is usually deductive.
Who was first documented to apply the scientific method? - ANSWER-Sir Francis Bacon in England
What should a valid hypothesis be? - ANSWER-Testable and falsifiable.
What does falsifiable mean? - ANSWER-It can be disproven by experimental results.
How do you test a hypothesis? - ANSWER-Conduct one or more experiments designed to eliminate one
or more of the hypotheses. Each experiment will have one or more variable and one or more controls.
What is a variable? - ANSWER-Any part of the experiment that can vary or change during the
experiment.
What is a control group? - ANSWER-Contains every feature of the experimental group except it is not
given the manipulation that is hypothesized about.
What does rejecting a hypothesis mean? - ANSWER-It eliminates one hypothesis that is not valid due to
it being inconsistent with experimental data.
What are the steps of the scientific method? - ANSWER-1. Make an observation
2. Ask a question
3. Form a hypothesis that ANSWERs the question
4. Make a prediction based on the hypothesis
5. Do an experiment to test the prediction
6. Analyze the results.
7. If the hypothesis is correct, report the results. If incorrect, repeat steps 3-7.
What is basic science? - ANSWER-It seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short-term application
of that knowledge. Immediate goal is knowledge.
, What is applied science? - ANSWER-Aims to use science to solve real-world problems. The problem is
usually defined by the researcher.
What is a peer-reviewed manuscript? - ANSWER-Scientific papers that are reviewed by a scientist's
colleagues or peers that are qualified individuals, often experts in the same research area, who judge
whether or not the scientist's work is suitable for publication
Why do scientists publish their work? - ANSWER-So other scientists can reproduce their experiments
under similar or different conditions to expand on the findings.
What are the necessary sections in a scientific paper? - ANSWER-Introduction, materials and methods,
results, discussion, and conclusion. Called "IMRaD"
What is randomization? - ANSWER-Refers to the random process of sampling experimental subjects and
assigning them into different treatment groups
What is local control? - ANSWER-Allows experimenters to control the extraneous variation
What is replication? - ANSWER-Refers to the repetition of the experiment. By conducting the experiment
more than once, experimenters could eliminate the experimental error and therefore increase precision.
What is a population? - ANSWER-Refers to all the members of the inference about a population from its
sample.
What is a sample? - ANSWER-A portion of the population that is representative of the population from
which it was selected
What is the purpose of random sampling? - ANSWER-It minimizes deviation and assumes to possess the
same characteristics as the population
What is a mean? - ANSWER-The numerical average of the population
What is the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM)? - ANSWER-Computed to reveal the deviation of sample
mean from the population mean. The smaller this number is, the more precise it is. It quantifies the
precision of the mean and describes how well the sample mean estimates the mean of the population.
What is a Standard Deviation? - ANSWER-Refers to a measure of spread of the observations in our
sample. It describes how variable our observations are. Higher SD= more range.
What are inferential statistics? - ANSWER-Allow scientists to draw general conclusions about a
population from a sample.
What are the three main kinds of variables? - ANSWER-Discrete, ordinal, and continuous.
What is a discrete variable? - ANSWER-Mutually exclusive categories but not ordered. Also known as a
categorical variable or a nominal variable
What is an example of a discrete variable? - ANSWER-Genotypes and gender
What is an ordinal variable? - ANSWER-Order matters but not the difference between values. Also
known as a ranked variable.
What is an example of an ordinal variable? - ANSWER-Pain level
with Questions & correct/verified
Answers
What are the natures of science? - ANSWER-1. Science demands evidence
2. Science is a blend of logic and imagination
3. Science explains and predicts
4. Scientists try to identify and avoid bias
5. Scientific ideas are subject to change
6. There is no one scientific method
7. Science deals only with natural patterns and explanations
What has biological inquiry evolved into mainly these days? - ANSWER-A hypothesis-driven and
evidence-based practice
What is biology? - ANSWER-The study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and
their environments
What is science? - ANSWER-Knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws,
especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method
What is the scientific method? - ANSWER-A method of research with defined steps that include
experiments and careful observation
What is a hypothesis? - ANSWER-1. A suggested explanation for an event, which can be tested. (text
book)
2. A statement that describes the relationships among two or more biological variables (lab notebook)
What is a null hypothesis? - ANSWER-States that there is NO relationship between the independent
variable and the dependent variable. Therefore, the independent variable does not affect the dependent
variable.
What is an alternative hypothesis? - ANSWER-States that there IS a relationship between the
independent variable and the dependent variable. It does not confirm the desired outcome.
Why are the null and alternative hypotheses used? - ANSWER-To avoid bias
What is a theory? - ANSWER-A tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena
What are natural sciences? - ANSWER-Fields of science related to the physical world and its phenomena
and processes
What are life sciences? - ANSWER-The study of living things and includes biology
,What are physical sciences? - ANSWER-The study of nonliving matter. This includes astronomy, geology,
physics, chemistry.
What is inductive reasoning? - ANSWER-A form of logical thinking that uses related observations to
arrive at a general conclusion. Data can be qualitative or quantitative. It involves formulating
generalizations inferred from careful observation and the analysis of a large amount of data.
What field of science is inductive reasoning commonly used? - ANSWER-Descriptive science. Life
scientists, like a biologist, makes observations and records them.
What is deductive reasoning? - ANSWER-A form of logical thinking that uses a general principle or law to
forecast specific results. These predictions have been made and tested.
What type of science uses deductive reasoning? - ANSWER-Used in climate change predictions.
What is descriptive science? - ANSWER-Aims to observe, explore, discover, and is usually inductive.
What is hypothesis-based science? - ANSWER-Begins with a specific question or problem, and a potential
ANSWER or solution that can be tested. It is usually deductive.
Who was first documented to apply the scientific method? - ANSWER-Sir Francis Bacon in England
What should a valid hypothesis be? - ANSWER-Testable and falsifiable.
What does falsifiable mean? - ANSWER-It can be disproven by experimental results.
How do you test a hypothesis? - ANSWER-Conduct one or more experiments designed to eliminate one
or more of the hypotheses. Each experiment will have one or more variable and one or more controls.
What is a variable? - ANSWER-Any part of the experiment that can vary or change during the
experiment.
What is a control group? - ANSWER-Contains every feature of the experimental group except it is not
given the manipulation that is hypothesized about.
What does rejecting a hypothesis mean? - ANSWER-It eliminates one hypothesis that is not valid due to
it being inconsistent with experimental data.
What are the steps of the scientific method? - ANSWER-1. Make an observation
2. Ask a question
3. Form a hypothesis that ANSWERs the question
4. Make a prediction based on the hypothesis
5. Do an experiment to test the prediction
6. Analyze the results.
7. If the hypothesis is correct, report the results. If incorrect, repeat steps 3-7.
What is basic science? - ANSWER-It seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short-term application
of that knowledge. Immediate goal is knowledge.
, What is applied science? - ANSWER-Aims to use science to solve real-world problems. The problem is
usually defined by the researcher.
What is a peer-reviewed manuscript? - ANSWER-Scientific papers that are reviewed by a scientist's
colleagues or peers that are qualified individuals, often experts in the same research area, who judge
whether or not the scientist's work is suitable for publication
Why do scientists publish their work? - ANSWER-So other scientists can reproduce their experiments
under similar or different conditions to expand on the findings.
What are the necessary sections in a scientific paper? - ANSWER-Introduction, materials and methods,
results, discussion, and conclusion. Called "IMRaD"
What is randomization? - ANSWER-Refers to the random process of sampling experimental subjects and
assigning them into different treatment groups
What is local control? - ANSWER-Allows experimenters to control the extraneous variation
What is replication? - ANSWER-Refers to the repetition of the experiment. By conducting the experiment
more than once, experimenters could eliminate the experimental error and therefore increase precision.
What is a population? - ANSWER-Refers to all the members of the inference about a population from its
sample.
What is a sample? - ANSWER-A portion of the population that is representative of the population from
which it was selected
What is the purpose of random sampling? - ANSWER-It minimizes deviation and assumes to possess the
same characteristics as the population
What is a mean? - ANSWER-The numerical average of the population
What is the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM)? - ANSWER-Computed to reveal the deviation of sample
mean from the population mean. The smaller this number is, the more precise it is. It quantifies the
precision of the mean and describes how well the sample mean estimates the mean of the population.
What is a Standard Deviation? - ANSWER-Refers to a measure of spread of the observations in our
sample. It describes how variable our observations are. Higher SD= more range.
What are inferential statistics? - ANSWER-Allow scientists to draw general conclusions about a
population from a sample.
What are the three main kinds of variables? - ANSWER-Discrete, ordinal, and continuous.
What is a discrete variable? - ANSWER-Mutually exclusive categories but not ordered. Also known as a
categorical variable or a nominal variable
What is an example of a discrete variable? - ANSWER-Genotypes and gender
What is an ordinal variable? - ANSWER-Order matters but not the difference between values. Also
known as a ranked variable.
What is an example of an ordinal variable? - ANSWER-Pain level
