NSG 4330 Final Exam| QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS| LATEST
UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
viral meningitis inflammation/infection of meninges/CSF, spreads infection throughout brain
causes - enterovirus, arbovirus, HIV, HSV
s/s - headache, fever, stiff neck, photophobia, Kernig's, Brudzinski's, n/v
dx - lumbar puncture with either clear or purulent CSF, PCR test
tx - symptom management (similar to bacterial)
full recovery expected
irritation of CN VIII = deafness, tinnitus, vertigo
encephalitis acute inflammation of brain
causes - viral; west nile, CMV
s/s - fever, headache, n/v
dx - CT, MRI, PET, PCR, blood test for WNV
tx - acyclovir, ganciclovir, anti seizure meds
stroke either ischemic or hemorrhagic, but ischemic more common
interruption of circulation causing brain damage/tissue necrosis
causes - a-fib, htn, atherosclerosis, DM
s/s - facial droop, slurred speech, headache, unilateral weakness, dizziness, vision changes
dx - CT, CTA
tx - EVT, TPA/TNK, BP meds, surgery to evacuate bleed
,TIA temporary reduction in cerebral circulation that is often a precursor or warning sign of a
stroke
s/s dissipate within 1-24hrs max
stroke management airway management/elevate HOB
freq neuro checks and vitals
BP meds, sugar checks, keep normothermic
ROM, SCDs, heparin
support upper limbs to prevent shoulder dislocation
NPO until swallow study
seizure and fall precautions
L sided brain damage paralyzed R side
aphasia
cannot tell R from L
slow to complete tasks
aware of deficits
problems with math, language, reading, writing
R sided brain damage paralyzed L side
L side neglect
poor depth perception
unaware or denies deficits
short attention span
impulsive and poor judgement
,SCI occurs when spinal cord is compressed, physically damaged, or circulation is disrupted
resulting injury causes edema, hemorrhaging, and inflammation which further impairs the
spinal cord
causes - MVA, falls, work injuries
s/s - decr/loss of sensation, movement, reflexes, loss of bladder/bowel control
dx - *MRI*, CT
tx - steroids, analgesics, muscle relaxants, laminectomy, spinal fusion, therapeutic hypothermia
SCI classification skeletal/neuro level - cervical, thoracic, lumbar
complete or incomplete - determines function
SCI management spinal precautions - supine, log roll, C collar
monitor VS
airway management
halo brace pin care
analgesics, muscle relaxants, steroids
ROM
monitor for skin breakdown and reposition often
spinal shock temp neurological syndrome that lasts days to months after the injury and
often hides preserved neuro function
s/s - decr reflexes, loss of sensation, flaccid paralysis
neurogenic shock caused by SCI at/above T5
systemic vasodilation occurs d/t loss of sympathetic tone
s/s - hypotension, bradycardia, warm/flushed skin
, tx - IV fluids, vasopressors, atropine
autonomic dysreflexia stimuli below level of injury causes sympathetic
response/vasoconstriction and parasympathetic system cannot compensate
s/s - hypertension, headache, blurred vision, sweating
tx - *sit pt up*, anti-hypertensive meds, address underlying cause (ex: catheterization,
disimpaction)
minimum standards to confirm death no pulse, breath sounds, heart sounds, resp effort,
chest movement
coma
fixed pupils - observed continuously and confirmed after a few minutes
clinical s/s of death respirations usually stop first
hearing usually last sense to disappear
skin - mottling, cyanosis, waxy, cool
cheyne-stokes resps
decr UO, incontinent of BM close to EOL
loss of appetite/thirst
gas, distension, nausea
myoclonus if on ++ opioids
5 stages of grief denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
viral meningitis inflammation/infection of meninges/CSF, spreads infection throughout brain
causes - enterovirus, arbovirus, HIV, HSV
s/s - headache, fever, stiff neck, photophobia, Kernig's, Brudzinski's, n/v
dx - lumbar puncture with either clear or purulent CSF, PCR test
tx - symptom management (similar to bacterial)
full recovery expected
irritation of CN VIII = deafness, tinnitus, vertigo
encephalitis acute inflammation of brain
causes - viral; west nile, CMV
s/s - fever, headache, n/v
dx - CT, MRI, PET, PCR, blood test for WNV
tx - acyclovir, ganciclovir, anti seizure meds
stroke either ischemic or hemorrhagic, but ischemic more common
interruption of circulation causing brain damage/tissue necrosis
causes - a-fib, htn, atherosclerosis, DM
s/s - facial droop, slurred speech, headache, unilateral weakness, dizziness, vision changes
dx - CT, CTA
tx - EVT, TPA/TNK, BP meds, surgery to evacuate bleed
,TIA temporary reduction in cerebral circulation that is often a precursor or warning sign of a
stroke
s/s dissipate within 1-24hrs max
stroke management airway management/elevate HOB
freq neuro checks and vitals
BP meds, sugar checks, keep normothermic
ROM, SCDs, heparin
support upper limbs to prevent shoulder dislocation
NPO until swallow study
seizure and fall precautions
L sided brain damage paralyzed R side
aphasia
cannot tell R from L
slow to complete tasks
aware of deficits
problems with math, language, reading, writing
R sided brain damage paralyzed L side
L side neglect
poor depth perception
unaware or denies deficits
short attention span
impulsive and poor judgement
,SCI occurs when spinal cord is compressed, physically damaged, or circulation is disrupted
resulting injury causes edema, hemorrhaging, and inflammation which further impairs the
spinal cord
causes - MVA, falls, work injuries
s/s - decr/loss of sensation, movement, reflexes, loss of bladder/bowel control
dx - *MRI*, CT
tx - steroids, analgesics, muscle relaxants, laminectomy, spinal fusion, therapeutic hypothermia
SCI classification skeletal/neuro level - cervical, thoracic, lumbar
complete or incomplete - determines function
SCI management spinal precautions - supine, log roll, C collar
monitor VS
airway management
halo brace pin care
analgesics, muscle relaxants, steroids
ROM
monitor for skin breakdown and reposition often
spinal shock temp neurological syndrome that lasts days to months after the injury and
often hides preserved neuro function
s/s - decr reflexes, loss of sensation, flaccid paralysis
neurogenic shock caused by SCI at/above T5
systemic vasodilation occurs d/t loss of sympathetic tone
s/s - hypotension, bradycardia, warm/flushed skin
, tx - IV fluids, vasopressors, atropine
autonomic dysreflexia stimuli below level of injury causes sympathetic
response/vasoconstriction and parasympathetic system cannot compensate
s/s - hypertension, headache, blurred vision, sweating
tx - *sit pt up*, anti-hypertensive meds, address underlying cause (ex: catheterization,
disimpaction)
minimum standards to confirm death no pulse, breath sounds, heart sounds, resp effort,
chest movement
coma
fixed pupils - observed continuously and confirmed after a few minutes
clinical s/s of death respirations usually stop first
hearing usually last sense to disappear
skin - mottling, cyanosis, waxy, cool
cheyne-stokes resps
decr UO, incontinent of BM close to EOL
loss of appetite/thirst
gas, distension, nausea
myoclonus if on ++ opioids
5 stages of grief denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
