NSC 170 FINAL EXAM CORRECT 100%
Carb Production - ANSWER Produced by photosynthesis
Monosaccharides (simple carbs) - ANSWER Glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides (simple carbs) - ANSWER Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Polysaccharides - ANSWER many monosaccharides linked together
Starch - ANSWER storage form of glucose (carbs) in plants
Glycogen - ANSWER Animal storage form of glucose. Found in liver and muscles
Fiber - ANSWER A complex carbohydrate (0 cal), found in plant foods, that cannot be
broken down (different bond form). Fermented in large intestines
Health Benefits of Fiber - ANSWER - Inhibits cholesterol absorption, lowering
cholesterol levels
- Slows glucose absorption
- Keeps you fuller, longer
Carb Digestion - ANSWER - Mouth (Salivary Amylase)
- Stomach
- Pancreas (Pancreatic Amylase and sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes chyme)
- Small Intestines (Disaccharides into Monosaccharides)
Insulin - ANSWER Hormones that lowers blood glucose levels (pancreas)
Glucagon - ANSWER Hormones that raises blood glucose levels (skeletal muscle and
liver)
Krebs cycle - ANSWER How we produce ATP (usable energy)
Type 1 & 2 Diabetes - ANSWER - Insulin dependent (fruity breath, gain weight, fatigue)
- Insulin (obesity)
Essential Fatty Acids - ANSWER Polyunsaturated are needed to produce eicosanoids
-Omega 3's (anti-inflammatory)
-Omega 6's
Trans-fat - ANSWER Lower HDL raise LDL (bad)
, Sterols - ANSWER (Cholesterol) Precursor to : Vit D, testosterone, estrogen, bile
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids - ANSWER (Small intestines) Bile emulsifies fat,
Chylomicrons absoribed into lymphatic system
Lipoproteins - ANSWER Fat transporters
Chylomicrons (lipoproteins) - ANSWER - composed of triglycerides
- Made in small intestines
- Deliver triglycerides to cells
VLDL - ANSWER - composed of triglycerides
- Made in liver from synthesized fat
LDL - ANSWER - Composed of cholesterol
- Made in circulation from VLDL
Vitamin B6 - ANSWER - Water Soluble
- Coenzymes
Vitamin B12 - ANSWER - Water Soluble
- Maintain sheaths around nerve fibers
Vitamin C - ANSWER Antioxidant
Components of Estimated Energy Expidenture - ANSWER BMR
TEF (Thermic effect on food)
Physical Activity
Where is calcium stored? - ANSWER Bones, blood, muscles
Energy Food - ANSWER Carbs = 4 cals
Protein = 4 cals
Fat = 9 cals
Vegans & Vegetarian diet - ANSWER Deficient in B12, calcium, iron and zinc
Hypertension - ANSWER High blood pressure (sodium)
RDA for protein - ANSWER Healthy adult: 0.8 g per kg
(No storage for protein)
Difference in Protein - ANSWER Protein contains nitrogen & some sulfur. (Pos.
Balance: growing child, Neg. Balance: illness injury)
Carb Production - ANSWER Produced by photosynthesis
Monosaccharides (simple carbs) - ANSWER Glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides (simple carbs) - ANSWER Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Polysaccharides - ANSWER many monosaccharides linked together
Starch - ANSWER storage form of glucose (carbs) in plants
Glycogen - ANSWER Animal storage form of glucose. Found in liver and muscles
Fiber - ANSWER A complex carbohydrate (0 cal), found in plant foods, that cannot be
broken down (different bond form). Fermented in large intestines
Health Benefits of Fiber - ANSWER - Inhibits cholesterol absorption, lowering
cholesterol levels
- Slows glucose absorption
- Keeps you fuller, longer
Carb Digestion - ANSWER - Mouth (Salivary Amylase)
- Stomach
- Pancreas (Pancreatic Amylase and sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes chyme)
- Small Intestines (Disaccharides into Monosaccharides)
Insulin - ANSWER Hormones that lowers blood glucose levels (pancreas)
Glucagon - ANSWER Hormones that raises blood glucose levels (skeletal muscle and
liver)
Krebs cycle - ANSWER How we produce ATP (usable energy)
Type 1 & 2 Diabetes - ANSWER - Insulin dependent (fruity breath, gain weight, fatigue)
- Insulin (obesity)
Essential Fatty Acids - ANSWER Polyunsaturated are needed to produce eicosanoids
-Omega 3's (anti-inflammatory)
-Omega 6's
Trans-fat - ANSWER Lower HDL raise LDL (bad)
, Sterols - ANSWER (Cholesterol) Precursor to : Vit D, testosterone, estrogen, bile
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids - ANSWER (Small intestines) Bile emulsifies fat,
Chylomicrons absoribed into lymphatic system
Lipoproteins - ANSWER Fat transporters
Chylomicrons (lipoproteins) - ANSWER - composed of triglycerides
- Made in small intestines
- Deliver triglycerides to cells
VLDL - ANSWER - composed of triglycerides
- Made in liver from synthesized fat
LDL - ANSWER - Composed of cholesterol
- Made in circulation from VLDL
Vitamin B6 - ANSWER - Water Soluble
- Coenzymes
Vitamin B12 - ANSWER - Water Soluble
- Maintain sheaths around nerve fibers
Vitamin C - ANSWER Antioxidant
Components of Estimated Energy Expidenture - ANSWER BMR
TEF (Thermic effect on food)
Physical Activity
Where is calcium stored? - ANSWER Bones, blood, muscles
Energy Food - ANSWER Carbs = 4 cals
Protein = 4 cals
Fat = 9 cals
Vegans & Vegetarian diet - ANSWER Deficient in B12, calcium, iron and zinc
Hypertension - ANSWER High blood pressure (sodium)
RDA for protein - ANSWER Healthy adult: 0.8 g per kg
(No storage for protein)
Difference in Protein - ANSWER Protein contains nitrogen & some sulfur. (Pos.
Balance: growing child, Neg. Balance: illness injury)
