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PNR 207
PNR 207 EXAM 2 REVIEW TOPICS AND NURSING
INTERVENTIONS QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
(2025/2026) GUARANTEED PASS
What dietary recommendations should be followed for GERD? - ANS
✓Avoid high-fat oils, spicy foods, peanut butter, fried foods, and dairy;
eat 4-6 small meals a day; avoid straws and carbonated drinks; limit
acidic foods and alcohol.
What are Kussmaul respirations? - ANS ✓Deep and labored respirations
that occur due to metabolic acidosis, characterized by fruity breath and
tachypnea.
In which conditions are Kussmaul respirations commonly observed? -
ANS ✓Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and renal failure.
How can petechiae be assessed in dark-skinned patients? - ANS
✓Check mucous membranes (oral mucosa and under eyelids), examine
lighter skin areas, use good lighting, perform a compression test, and
inquire about symptoms.
What areas should NOT be assessed for petechiae in dark-skinned
patients? - ANS ✓The eyes.
What are common vision and hearing changes in older adults? - ANS
✓Changes in vision and hearing are common physiological changes in
older adults.
What is a significant risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in older
adults? - ANS ✓Increased risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a
significant concern.
PNR 207
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PNR 207
What happens to the senses as people age? - ANS ✓There is a general
decrease in senses in older adults.
How does the overall physiological function change in older adults? -
ANS ✓Everything slows down in older adults.
What type of memory decline is observed in older adults? - ANS
✓Decreased short-term memory occurs, while long-term memory is
usually the last to decline.
How do respiratory and heart rates change in older adults? - ANS
✓Respirations remain unchanged, but heart rate decreases.
What integumentary changes occur in older adults? - ANS ✓Skin
becomes thin, dry, and susceptible to tears and infections, with a
decrease in elastic fibers and collagen leading to wrinkles and sagging.
What causes dry and itchy skin in older adults? - ANS ✓Reduced
sebaceous gland activity and thinner skin contribute to dry, itchy skin.
What are age spots and how do they form in older adults? - ANS ✓Age
spots, or senile lentigines, occur due to increased melanocyte activity in
some areas.
What is the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease? - ANS
✓Parkinson's disease is characterized by decreased dopamine and
increased acetylcholine.
What are common causes of hypokalemia? - ANS ✓Causes include
excessive diarrhea, vomiting, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), chronic
kidney disease, diuretic medications, excessive sweating, malnutrition,
alcoholism, Cushing's syndrome, and renal tubular acidosis.
Who is at high risk for excess fluid volume? - ANS ✓High-risk patients
include those with heart failure, kidney failure, liver disease, IV therapy,
cirrhosis, corticosteroid therapy, the elderly, and those with SIADH.
What are the ECG changes associated with hyperkalemia? - ANS
✓ECG changes include tall and narrow peaked T waves, flattened P
PNR 207
PNR 207
PNR 207 EXAM 2 REVIEW TOPICS AND NURSING
INTERVENTIONS QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
(2025/2026) GUARANTEED PASS
What dietary recommendations should be followed for GERD? - ANS
✓Avoid high-fat oils, spicy foods, peanut butter, fried foods, and dairy;
eat 4-6 small meals a day; avoid straws and carbonated drinks; limit
acidic foods and alcohol.
What are Kussmaul respirations? - ANS ✓Deep and labored respirations
that occur due to metabolic acidosis, characterized by fruity breath and
tachypnea.
In which conditions are Kussmaul respirations commonly observed? -
ANS ✓Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and renal failure.
How can petechiae be assessed in dark-skinned patients? - ANS
✓Check mucous membranes (oral mucosa and under eyelids), examine
lighter skin areas, use good lighting, perform a compression test, and
inquire about symptoms.
What areas should NOT be assessed for petechiae in dark-skinned
patients? - ANS ✓The eyes.
What are common vision and hearing changes in older adults? - ANS
✓Changes in vision and hearing are common physiological changes in
older adults.
What is a significant risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in older
adults? - ANS ✓Increased risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a
significant concern.
PNR 207
, 2
PNR 207
What happens to the senses as people age? - ANS ✓There is a general
decrease in senses in older adults.
How does the overall physiological function change in older adults? -
ANS ✓Everything slows down in older adults.
What type of memory decline is observed in older adults? - ANS
✓Decreased short-term memory occurs, while long-term memory is
usually the last to decline.
How do respiratory and heart rates change in older adults? - ANS
✓Respirations remain unchanged, but heart rate decreases.
What integumentary changes occur in older adults? - ANS ✓Skin
becomes thin, dry, and susceptible to tears and infections, with a
decrease in elastic fibers and collagen leading to wrinkles and sagging.
What causes dry and itchy skin in older adults? - ANS ✓Reduced
sebaceous gland activity and thinner skin contribute to dry, itchy skin.
What are age spots and how do they form in older adults? - ANS ✓Age
spots, or senile lentigines, occur due to increased melanocyte activity in
some areas.
What is the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease? - ANS
✓Parkinson's disease is characterized by decreased dopamine and
increased acetylcholine.
What are common causes of hypokalemia? - ANS ✓Causes include
excessive diarrhea, vomiting, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), chronic
kidney disease, diuretic medications, excessive sweating, malnutrition,
alcoholism, Cushing's syndrome, and renal tubular acidosis.
Who is at high risk for excess fluid volume? - ANS ✓High-risk patients
include those with heart failure, kidney failure, liver disease, IV therapy,
cirrhosis, corticosteroid therapy, the elderly, and those with SIADH.
What are the ECG changes associated with hyperkalemia? - ANS
✓ECG changes include tall and narrow peaked T waves, flattened P
PNR 207
