METR 1102 Exam 2 Study Guide Brand New 2025

What are the scales of Atmospheric motion? - Correct Ans-Micro: Types of weather that happen in 10 Km or less, usually include Tornadoes, rainbows, Convective updrafts and downdrafts. Usually can be seen with your own eyes, or in person. Meso- Range in size from a few Km to about a hundred Km, contains thunderstorms , winds, and tornadoes. Synoptic Scale - Typical weather map scale that shows high to low pressure areas and usually covers an entire continent. Also known as a cyclonic scale. Macro Scale: A normal synoptic scale for obtaining weather information, usually ranges from a continent to a globe. Global - The largest scale, which is also called the planetary scale. What are the four stages of hurricane development and when do hurricanes get named? - Correct Ans-Tropical Disturbance Tropical Depression(Up to 38 MPH) Tropical Storm (39 MPH-74 MPH) Hurricane (75 MPH+) Storms get there names after they become a Tropical Storm. What does topography do to wind direction during the day and night? - Correct Ans Cool air goes down mountain sides during the night, and up the mountain during the days. Chinook winds and Santa Ana Winds. - Correct Ans-Chinook winds go up the mountain slope and produces snow and clouds, and then it goes down the other side of the mountain and produces no snow. The Santa ana winds form in California, are extremely dry with less than 10 percent humidity, with very dry air. What is monsoon? Where do we see it? What does it produce? - Correct Ans-The monson is when the ITCZ moves over you and follows the warmer, and you see it mainly in east Asia. What is Sea-breeze? - Correct Ans-On-shore floor, where the Wind blows from High pressure to low pressure, so from off land to onland during day, and on land to off land at night. What is Storm surge and where is it maximized? - Correct Ans-Storm surge is a rising of the sea due to atmospheric pressure changes and wind due to a storm or hurricane, and it is worse in the upper right quadrant.l What is the usual hurricane track? - Correct Ans- Understand the right front quadrant and what it means in terms of wind speed and storm surge. - Correct Ans- What is fresh-water flooding? Which types of storms produce the most? - Correct Ans Fresh water is flooding from rainfall, and is the leading cause of death from rainfall and hurricanes. What is the primary cause of death in US landfalling storms? The world? - Correct Ans- Hurricane Watch and Warning - Correct Ans-Hurricane Watch- The storm conditions are right for a hurricane, and is issued within 48 hours. Hurricane Warning- Conditions are expected, and is issued with 36 hours. Notable hurricanes. - Correct Ans-Hugo- 1998, Hurricane which hit Charlotte unexpectedly. Andrew- Hurricane which hit South Florida, which caused massive damage. Katrina- Sandy- Florence- Michael- What is the three cell model? Which cell is most accurate? - Correct Ans-The circulation of each hemisphere is composed of three distinct cells: the heat-driven Hadley cell in the lower latitudes, the Ferrel cell in the middle latitudes, and a polar cell. The Hadley cell is known as the most accurate out of the other two. What is Hadley Cell Circulation? - Correct Ans-Hadley cell circulation around the tropics. ITCZ, Intertropical Conversion Zone, What is the ITCZ, trade winds and jet stream - How are they formed in the Hadley cell? - Correct Ans-The boundary zone separating the northeast trade winds of the Northern Hemisphere from the southeast trade winds of the Southern Hemisphere. it follows the sun in terms of seasons, and causes the wet and dry seasons in the tropics... - Correct Ans-How does the ITCZ move between seasons? Basics of jet streams - Correct Ans- Where is the Gulf stream? What is it? - Correct Ans-The gulf stream is on the carolina coast, it is very warm, at the top of the ocean and moves all the way up to europe. METR1102 METR1102 What is up-welling and down-welling of ocean water? - Correct Ans-Upwelling is when water rising, and downwelling is when it sinks. Difference between El Nino and La Nina, and what a pattern shift means for global weather patterns. - Correct Ans-El nino is when the pacific ocean is warmer than usual, and La nina is when it becomes colder than average. When you warm the ocean, it will enhance rising and falling motion, and a la nina will disrupt neighboring air circulations. What is an air mass? Source region? - Correct Ans-An air mass is a large volume of similar air, with similar temperature and moisture. A cold air mass comes from a polar, and warm comes from near the equator. The winds that occupy most of the tropics and blow from the subtropical highs to the equatorial low. Classification system for air masses - Correct Ans-c- Continental Which is Dry, and forms over land. m- Maritime air forms over oceans and other bodies of water and is humid. It is abbreviated by the lowercase letter m. P- Polar which is cold. T- Tropical which is Warm and moist. A- Arctic which is very cold. What is air mass modification? - Correct Ans-As an air mass moves around ,it gets colder or hotter. What are Heat capacity and Specific heat? - Correct Ans-Heat capacity is how much heat something is able to take and specific heat is how long until it begins heating. Fronts, and how cold air moves - Correct Ans-Cold fronts are very steep and tall, which is cold air bordering warm air, Warm fronts are more shallow and less steep, and is cold air moving away from the front. What is the difference between a Polar and Arctic front? - Correct Ans-An arctic front is normally shorter than a polar front. Vertical structure of the cold and warm fronts, and the clouds and weather they produce. - Correct Ans-Warm air mass slides up and over a cold air mass. As the warm air mass rises, it condenses into a broad area of clouds. A warm front brings gentle rain or light snow, followed by warmer, milder weather. Warm fronts are a lot less steeper than cold fronts. Commonly, when the cold front is passing, winds become gusty;