BIO 322 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025

Which if the following would result in non-pathological hormonal hyperplasia? A. A body builder who takes anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass. B. The thickening of the endometrium after fertilization and implantation C. A change in the cell size and shape of the cervix due to human papillomavirus (HPV) D. The reversible changing of normal columnar ciliated epithelium of the bronchial lining by stratified squamous epithelium. - Correct Ans-B. Elissa is a 16 year old high school student who attempted to overdose on aspirin because Joey, the star quarterback, kissed Emily, who probably has mono anyway. You got the privilege of helping to pump Elissa's stomach and stick charcoal down her throat to dry up the aspirin. Arterial blood gases showed a metabolic acidosis. Lab showed Na 142 mEq/L (normal 142-145), K 3.4 mEq/L (3.5-5.0), Ca 8.9 mg/dl (8.8-10.5), Mg 1.8 mg/dl (1.8-3.0), Cl- 94 (95-105), HCO3- 20 (24-28 mEq/L, HPO4- 2.7 mg/L (2.5-5) and SO4- 1 mEq/L. By your calculations, does Elissa have an anion gap? A. No B. Yes C. There is no way to tell from this case - Correct Ans-B. A 30-year-old male arrived at the emergency room complaining of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and lethargy. Based on his symptoms, an ABG was ordered. His test results were pH 7.33 PaCO2- 22 mm/Hg HCO3- 9. What type of imbalance is occurring in the patient? A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis B. Compensated respiratory acidosis C. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis D. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis E. Compensated metabolic acidosis - Correct Ans-E. A 41-year-old man has been a smoker since he was 14. He is experiencing muscle weakness and headaches. He has also been recently diagnosed with lung cancer. His serum osmolality is decreased. Which of the following may be true? A. He has SIADH and an excess of ADH B. He has Addison Disease and a deficiency of ADH C. He has SIADH and a deficiency of aldosterone D. He has diabetes insipidus and a deficiency of ADH - Correct Ans-A. A 51-year-old male has a BP of 150/95mmHg (normal120/80mmHg). If this remains untreated for years, which cellular alteration will be seen in the heart? A. Atrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Metaplasia D. Hypertrophy - Correct Ans-D. A 41-year-old man has been drinking large quantities of water--up to 20 liters per day-- for the past week. On physical examination he has diminished skin turgor (a sign of moderate to severe dehydration) and dry mucous membranes. his serum levels osmolality is elevated at 343 mOsm/kg. Which of the following is true? A. He has SIADH and an excess of ADH B. He has Addison disease and a deficiency of ADH C. He has Addison disease and a deficiency of aldosterone D. He has diabetes insipidus and a deficiency of ADH - Correct Ans-D At mile 18 of a marathon an athlete began to experience muscle cramps and nausea. Thinking she was dehydrated she increased her water intake. She became disoriented and fell to the ground unconscious. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is most likely causing her condition? A. Hyponatremia B. Hypernatremia C. Hypercalcemia D. Hypomagnesemia - Correct Ans-A sodium is responsible for: A. ECF Osmotic balance B. ICF Osmotic balance C. Osmotic equilibrium - Correct Ans-A A 56-year-old female presents to her physician complaining of dizzieness, confusion, tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PaCO2 and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation B. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation C. respiratory acidosis with renal compensation D. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation - Correct Ans-A An irreversible abnormal cellular adaptation characteristic in uterine cervical epithelium is: A. Hyperplasia B. Hypertrophy C. Dysplasia D. Metaplasia - Correct Ans-C Clark is a retired 42-year-old male living alone. He is admitted to the ER complaining of shortness of breath abd tingling in his fingers. His breathing s shallow and rapid. He denies diabetes; blood sugar is normal. There are no EKG changes. He has no significant respiratory or cardiac history. He takes several anti-anxiety medications. An ABG showed: pH=7.49, PaCO2=27(normal 35-45), HCO3=23(normal 22-28). What is the main contributor to the signs/symptoms described? A. Metabolic acidosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Respiratory acidosis D. Respiratory alkalosis - Correct Ans-D