WKU Bio 316 Exam 1 Midterm QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS BRAND NEW EXAM 2025

How do individuals gather information? - Correct Ans-What we are told, Faith, and Science. Components of Science - Correct Ans-1.) Facts 2.) Hypotheses 3.) Laws 4.) Theories. Criteria of Theories - Correct Ans-1.) Testable 2.) Falsifiable 3.) Subject to revision and adjustments 4.) Can't be proven- only supported or falsified. Biology - Correct Ans-Study of Life Biological Evolution - Correct Ans-Change in populations over time Evolutionary Biology - Correct Ans-Branch of Biology that assess how populations change over time. Microevolution - Correct Ans-Change in allele frequencies within populations. Macroevolution - Correct Ans-Larger scale change, providing evidence of how we assess relationships between taxa. Evolution as Fact - Correct Ans-Evidence of change over time. (populations can change, time is largely dependent on how long generations take. Genetic traits are heritable.) Evolution as Theory - Correct Ans-Assessing mechanisms of how evolution occurred (embodies the four primary mechanisms of evolutionary change, and enhances our capacity to make predictions.) Anaximander (610-546 BC) - Correct Ans-Speculated: Early animals rose from the ocean, humans came from the mouths of giant fish, and complexity rose from simple life. Aristotle (384-322 BC) - Correct Ans-Advocated the importance of observation, wrote "History of Animals", also wrote "Scala Natural" When did the Rise of Natural Theology occur? - Correct Ans-During the Renaissance Period. (Earth Age, Divine Creation, Devine Variation) Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon - Correct Ans-Made an estimate that the earth was 75,000 years old. Wrote Histoire Naturelle. Little relation to biblical account. Industrial Revolution and Geological advances. - Correct Ans-Brought about: 1.) Patterns of geological succession. 2.) How is organic matter mineralized. 3.) How long fossilizations take. 3.) How layering of fossils is related with depth. George Cuvier () - Correct Ans-First prominent Paleontologist, described stratigraphy. Jean Baptiste Lamarck () - Correct Ans-Wrote "Philosophie Zoologique"; Theory of evolution that proposed species don't go extinct, they transform towards perfection. Carolus Linnaeus () - Correct Ans-Wrote System Naturae, developed the principles of Binomial Nomenclature, also classification hierarchies. Charles Lyell () - Correct Ans-Wrote "Principles of Geology", concept of Gradualism, that geological events slowly shape the earth over a long period of time. Had a lot of influence on Darwin. Charles Darwin () - Correct Ans-Accepted a position on the HMS Beagle to collect plant, animal, and geological samples. Was supposed to take a geological survey of the coast of South America. Darwin while on the Beagle - Correct Ans-Found giant armadillo fossils,, found marine fossils in the Andes, understood volcanic origin of Galapagos, found different species of giant tortoise, found different species of finches and mockingbirds Darwin after the Beagle - Correct Ans-Moved to London to study specimens, moved to village of down to escape London, Alfred Russel Wallace shared his theory with Darwin, prompting Darwin to publish "On the Origin of Species". Alfred Russel Wallace ( - Correct Ans-Naturalist, known for explorations in SE Asia. Considered "After of Biogeography". (Wallace and Weber Lines on maps) Gregor Mendel () - Correct Ans-"Father of Modern Genetics", Order of Saint Augustine Friar, conducted hybridization tests on pea plants. Laws of segregation and Independent Assortment. Sir Francis Galton () - Correct Ans-Anthropologist, described "Survival of the fittest". "Father of Eugenics". Ernst Hacker () - Correct Ans-Naturalist, proposed the (Falsified) Theory of Recapitulation. Also proposed a tree of life. Thomas Morgan () - Correct Ans-Geneticist, described mutations and coined the term allele. Seawall Wright () - Correct Ans-Prominent work on population genetics, namely influence of drift and interbreeding. Ronald Fisher () - Correct Ans-Prominent work on population genetics, including concepts of sexual selection and dominance. Used statistics to analyze populations. J.B.S. Haldane () - Correct Ans-Prominent work on population genetics, emphasized natural selection. Thodosius G. Dobzhansky () - Correct Ans-Student of Thomas Morgan, defined evolution as a change in allele frequencies over time, and wrote "Genetics and the Origin of Species". Ernst Mayr () - Correct Ans-Refined the Biological Species Concept, wrote "Systematics and the Origin of Species". George Simpson () - Correct Ans-Paleontologist, linked modern evolutionary principles to geological scale patterns in the fossil record. Modern Synthesis Five Facts - Correct Ans-1.) Populations possess genetic variation arising by random processes (mutation and recombination) 2.) Populations evolve by changes in allele frequency by natural selection, mutation, gene flow, & genetic drift 3.) Phenotypic changes are typically gradual 4. )Diversification is caused by speciation, a (typically) gradual process that results from reproductive isolation between populations (allopatric speciation) 5.) Over time, these processes lead to larger differences that we describe under higher taxonomic groups Molecular Biology - Correct Ans-Has illuminated details of evolutionary mechanisms, but has not altered the conceptual framework of evolutionary biology since the modern synthesis Theory-Creation - Correct Ans-1.) Species are immutable - they do not change 2.) Lineages do not split 3.) Species are created independently and separately 4.) Earth is young Descent with Modification - Correct Ans-1.) Species change over time 2.) Lineages diverge 3.) New lineages are derived from more ancestral lineages 4.) Life forms are related via common ancestry 5.) Earth is old Microevolution Evidence - Correct Ans-Ample evidence of this from selective breeding (Ted Garland and mice), Natural Populations (Soapberry bugs and balloon vines) and Vestigial Structures. Vestigial Structures - Correct Ans-Reduced traits that are homologous to fully functional traits in related species. Macroevolution Evidence - Correct Ans-Ample evidence from the fossil record, Extinction, the Law of Succession, and Transitional forms. Homology - Correct Ans-Structural similarity between species for similar or different function. (Structural, Developmental, and Molecular)