BIOLOGY 152 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024/2025 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
Biological Fitness - CORRECT ANSWERS the ability of an individual to
produce surviving, fertile offspring relative to that ability in other individuals in
the population
NOT PHYSICAL FITNESS
adaptation - CORRECT ANSWERS biological mechanism in which organisms
adjust to new environments or to changes in their current environment.
*RELATIVE*, better adapted better suited, involves TRADE-OFFS, depends on
environment and population
- trait that enhances fitness
-more adaptive=better suited
-process by which adaptive traits become more common in a population
- result of natural selection
- depends on environmental factors
PROCESS AND TRAITS
adaptation as a trait - CORRECT ANSWERS enhance fitness, promotes
higher fitness
- a trait that enhances fitness
- a characteristic that promotes higher reproduction
adaptation as a process - CORRECT ANSWERS adaptive traits become
more common in their population
,BIOLOGY 152 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024/2025 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
- traits become more common in a population
- result of natural selection
evolution - CORRECT ANSWERS Change in a kind of organism over time;
process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
- built living world around us
*theory*
- cannot happen without variation
biological population - CORRECT ANSWERS a group of organisms of a
species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time. capable of
interbreeding and reproduction.
allele - CORRECT ANSWERS one of a number of different forms/versions of
a gene.
formed as a result of mutation and genetic recombination IF THERE IS ALREADY
AT LEAST 2 ALLELES
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWERS the set of observable characteristics of
an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
- different allele combos
genotype - CORRECT ANSWERS An organism's genetic makeup, or allele
combinations.
,BIOLOGY 152 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024/2025 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
- combo of alleles
DNA encodes info to turn it into phenotypes - CORRECT ANSWERS codes
for a particular protein and determines the traits (phenotype) of the individual
how DNA works - CORRECT ANSWERS DNA makes RNA, which makes
Proteins, which makes an organism
how are humans still evolving today - CORRECT ANSWERS evolution cant
be stopped, everything is constantly changing, we constantly have to adapt to
changes. *wisdom teeth, appendix*
case study 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS skin color evolution in humans
- melanosomes hold melanin
- more eumelanin = darker skin color
- inner color= all the same
- outside= everyone is different
skin color evolved through natural selection
-wavelengths help us see color
-wavelengths reflect off of our skin top layer(melanin)
- individual genetic inheritance determines type of melanin in our melanosomes
- reddish yellow eumelanin= lightly pigmented people
- brown/black eumelanin= darker pigmented people
, BIOLOGY 152 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024/2025 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
melanin color hair in animals and humans
-uv radiation penetrates living skin cells causing mutations(melanin protects from
uv)
- melanin regulated temp, gives camp, helps recognize other species
-melanin production has increased with the evolution
- uv measurements taken from space> map of uv exposure throughout the world
- reflectometer to measure skin color( measures amount of light reflected back)
-uv intensity predicts skin color(equator=dark, poles=lighter)
- melanin production arose as different populations adapted biologically
- darker skin evolved (found in the genome) *MC1R*
- DNA sequence of MC1R shows evolution of darker skin, less alleles/diversity=
darker skin
-MC1R=protein from pheomelanin to eumelanin
- diversity of allele in africann population = negative selection against alleles that
would alter dark skin, 1.2 million years
- One way that some animal species recognize potential mates is by color patterns
produced by melanin.
- Clusters of melanin molecules form a protective cover inside skin cells, reducing
the amount of UV radiation that can reach the DNA inside the nucleus.
- The relative concentrations of different types of melanin determine human skin
and hair color.
- as temperature increases, the probability of colors across a birds wing decreases
2024/2025 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
Biological Fitness - CORRECT ANSWERS the ability of an individual to
produce surviving, fertile offspring relative to that ability in other individuals in
the population
NOT PHYSICAL FITNESS
adaptation - CORRECT ANSWERS biological mechanism in which organisms
adjust to new environments or to changes in their current environment.
*RELATIVE*, better adapted better suited, involves TRADE-OFFS, depends on
environment and population
- trait that enhances fitness
-more adaptive=better suited
-process by which adaptive traits become more common in a population
- result of natural selection
- depends on environmental factors
PROCESS AND TRAITS
adaptation as a trait - CORRECT ANSWERS enhance fitness, promotes
higher fitness
- a trait that enhances fitness
- a characteristic that promotes higher reproduction
adaptation as a process - CORRECT ANSWERS adaptive traits become
more common in their population
,BIOLOGY 152 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024/2025 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
- traits become more common in a population
- result of natural selection
evolution - CORRECT ANSWERS Change in a kind of organism over time;
process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
- built living world around us
*theory*
- cannot happen without variation
biological population - CORRECT ANSWERS a group of organisms of a
species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time. capable of
interbreeding and reproduction.
allele - CORRECT ANSWERS one of a number of different forms/versions of
a gene.
formed as a result of mutation and genetic recombination IF THERE IS ALREADY
AT LEAST 2 ALLELES
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWERS the set of observable characteristics of
an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
- different allele combos
genotype - CORRECT ANSWERS An organism's genetic makeup, or allele
combinations.
,BIOLOGY 152 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024/2025 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
- combo of alleles
DNA encodes info to turn it into phenotypes - CORRECT ANSWERS codes
for a particular protein and determines the traits (phenotype) of the individual
how DNA works - CORRECT ANSWERS DNA makes RNA, which makes
Proteins, which makes an organism
how are humans still evolving today - CORRECT ANSWERS evolution cant
be stopped, everything is constantly changing, we constantly have to adapt to
changes. *wisdom teeth, appendix*
case study 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS skin color evolution in humans
- melanosomes hold melanin
- more eumelanin = darker skin color
- inner color= all the same
- outside= everyone is different
skin color evolved through natural selection
-wavelengths help us see color
-wavelengths reflect off of our skin top layer(melanin)
- individual genetic inheritance determines type of melanin in our melanosomes
- reddish yellow eumelanin= lightly pigmented people
- brown/black eumelanin= darker pigmented people
, BIOLOGY 152 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024/2025 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
100% CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR
PASS
melanin color hair in animals and humans
-uv radiation penetrates living skin cells causing mutations(melanin protects from
uv)
- melanin regulated temp, gives camp, helps recognize other species
-melanin production has increased with the evolution
- uv measurements taken from space> map of uv exposure throughout the world
- reflectometer to measure skin color( measures amount of light reflected back)
-uv intensity predicts skin color(equator=dark, poles=lighter)
- melanin production arose as different populations adapted biologically
- darker skin evolved (found in the genome) *MC1R*
- DNA sequence of MC1R shows evolution of darker skin, less alleles/diversity=
darker skin
-MC1R=protein from pheomelanin to eumelanin
- diversity of allele in africann population = negative selection against alleles that
would alter dark skin, 1.2 million years
- One way that some animal species recognize potential mates is by color patterns
produced by melanin.
- Clusters of melanin molecules form a protective cover inside skin cells, reducing
the amount of UV radiation that can reach the DNA inside the nucleus.
- The relative concentrations of different types of melanin determine human skin
and hair color.
- as temperature increases, the probability of colors across a birds wing decreases
