Biology 152 Midterm Actual Latest set
with Questions and correct/verified
Answers
Biological fitness definition
(an organisms health) - ANSWER-"a measure of the extent to which an individual's genotype
is represented in the next generation."
Biological fitness - ANSWER-Adaptation, survival, and reproduction
Does that trait allow an organism to have more offspring relative to other
individuals in the population that have a different version of that trait
Viable offspring - ANSWER-alive and generally able to survive typical conditions
Biological adaptation - ANSWER-the ability of an organism to react to changes in
environment
Adaptation - ANSWER-Adaptation is relative so it has to be thought about in context and what
environments those organisms are living in
Traits that increase fitness - ANSWER-Higher fitness= more copies of the trait passed to future
generations
Ultraviolet radiation - ANSWER-Very energetic that it can penetrate human cells
Can wreak havoc within the cells and cause mutations in DNA
MC1R - ANSWER-one of the many genes linked to skin pigmentation
Folate - ANSWER-essential nutrient that needs to be protected from UV radiation
○ This is where melanin comes in
evolution - ANSWER-is the unifying theory of biology
biological evolution - ANSWER-a change in frequency of a genetic trait in a population over time
Scienitific Theory - ANSWER-a conceptual framework that explains existing facts and predict new ones
gene pool - ANSWER-all of the alleles in all of those individuals of a population together
artificial selection - ANSWER-humans or other organisms are choosing which members survive and pass
on thier genes
mutation/recombination - ANSWER-forming of new alleles
gene flow - ANSWER-movement of genes from one population to another
migration - ANSWER-movement of individuals between populations within one species
, non-random mating - ANSWER-mating between individuals of the same phenotype or by those who live
nearby
genetic drift - ANSWER-changes that occur by chance
bottleneck effect - ANSWER-population that is reduced due to some kind of catastrophic event
founder effect - ANSWER-dispersal event
natural selection - ANSWER-process where traits that fitness becomes more common over generations
mutation - ANSWER-ultimate source of all genetic variation
recombination - ANSWER-shuffles mutations into new combinations
fixation - ANSWER-when frequency of an allele is 100%
adaptation - ANSWER-Trait that promotes relatively higher rates of survival and reproduction
biological fitness - ANSWER-measure of the ability of a particular genotype to lead to viable offspring
relative to other genotypes
natural selection - ANSWER-process by which those traits that increases become more common in a
population over generations
Taxonomy - ANSWER-naming groups of organisms and organizing them
into a classification system
Phylogenetics - ANSWER-studying evolutionary history (patterns and
processes of evolution)
Taxonomist - ANSWER-scientists who develop and use species
concepts to delineate (draw boundaries among) species
Evolutionary classification system - ANSWER-names and groups taxa based on their relatedness
rank - ANSWER-position in a taxonomic relatedness
taxon - ANSWER-group of organisms at any rank
Phylogeny or phylogenetic tree - ANSWER-an evolutionary tree. A
hypothesis that describes the evolutionary history and
patterns of relationships
root - ANSWER-base of tree
node - ANSWER-common ancestor from which the descendant groups on both branches
diverged
taxa - ANSWER-Tips of branches are groups of organisms called
Sister groups - ANSWER-groups- branching relationships among taxa
with Questions and correct/verified
Answers
Biological fitness definition
(an organisms health) - ANSWER-"a measure of the extent to which an individual's genotype
is represented in the next generation."
Biological fitness - ANSWER-Adaptation, survival, and reproduction
Does that trait allow an organism to have more offspring relative to other
individuals in the population that have a different version of that trait
Viable offspring - ANSWER-alive and generally able to survive typical conditions
Biological adaptation - ANSWER-the ability of an organism to react to changes in
environment
Adaptation - ANSWER-Adaptation is relative so it has to be thought about in context and what
environments those organisms are living in
Traits that increase fitness - ANSWER-Higher fitness= more copies of the trait passed to future
generations
Ultraviolet radiation - ANSWER-Very energetic that it can penetrate human cells
Can wreak havoc within the cells and cause mutations in DNA
MC1R - ANSWER-one of the many genes linked to skin pigmentation
Folate - ANSWER-essential nutrient that needs to be protected from UV radiation
○ This is where melanin comes in
evolution - ANSWER-is the unifying theory of biology
biological evolution - ANSWER-a change in frequency of a genetic trait in a population over time
Scienitific Theory - ANSWER-a conceptual framework that explains existing facts and predict new ones
gene pool - ANSWER-all of the alleles in all of those individuals of a population together
artificial selection - ANSWER-humans or other organisms are choosing which members survive and pass
on thier genes
mutation/recombination - ANSWER-forming of new alleles
gene flow - ANSWER-movement of genes from one population to another
migration - ANSWER-movement of individuals between populations within one species
, non-random mating - ANSWER-mating between individuals of the same phenotype or by those who live
nearby
genetic drift - ANSWER-changes that occur by chance
bottleneck effect - ANSWER-population that is reduced due to some kind of catastrophic event
founder effect - ANSWER-dispersal event
natural selection - ANSWER-process where traits that fitness becomes more common over generations
mutation - ANSWER-ultimate source of all genetic variation
recombination - ANSWER-shuffles mutations into new combinations
fixation - ANSWER-when frequency of an allele is 100%
adaptation - ANSWER-Trait that promotes relatively higher rates of survival and reproduction
biological fitness - ANSWER-measure of the ability of a particular genotype to lead to viable offspring
relative to other genotypes
natural selection - ANSWER-process by which those traits that increases become more common in a
population over generations
Taxonomy - ANSWER-naming groups of organisms and organizing them
into a classification system
Phylogenetics - ANSWER-studying evolutionary history (patterns and
processes of evolution)
Taxonomist - ANSWER-scientists who develop and use species
concepts to delineate (draw boundaries among) species
Evolutionary classification system - ANSWER-names and groups taxa based on their relatedness
rank - ANSWER-position in a taxonomic relatedness
taxon - ANSWER-group of organisms at any rank
Phylogeny or phylogenetic tree - ANSWER-an evolutionary tree. A
hypothesis that describes the evolutionary history and
patterns of relationships
root - ANSWER-base of tree
node - ANSWER-common ancestor from which the descendant groups on both branches
diverged
taxa - ANSWER-Tips of branches are groups of organisms called
Sister groups - ANSWER-groups- branching relationships among taxa
