Biology 152 Plant Unit Actual Latest
study set with Questions and
correct/verified Answers
What factors might have made it difficult for a lineage of algae to invade land? - ANSWER-Cells drying
out, less physical support, sperm will have a hard time fertilizing eggs
What are the challenges of contesting land? - ANSWER-Need to maintain water in cells, support, sexual
reproduction
What was the advantage to moving to land? - ANSWER-Avoids competition for light
What traits do green algae share with land plants? - ANSWER-Cellulose Cell wall, chlorophyll a &b, two
anterior flagella
What is a preadaptation? - ANSWER-A trait that was already present and allowed a major ecological
transition
What are traits of the freshwater charophytes - ANSWER-Often found growing at edges of small ponds,
shoreline of ponds change with rainfall, strong selective pressure to tolerate dry periods
What are 4 preadaptations of charophytes? - ANSWER-Fresh water, spores, spores covered in
spuropollenin, can associate with mycorrhizal fungi which helps get nutrients
What is sporopollenin? - ANSWER-Most stable biopolymer known, decay resistant!, dehydration
resistant, uv protectant
What are mycorrhizal partners good for? - ANSWER-Found in 400 MA fossils, essential fur acquiring
nutrients and for the step onto land
What are the major adaptations shared by all land plants? - ANSWER-Cuticle, pores or stomata, embryo
How many spores does a charophyte doing zygotic meiosis make for each fertilization event? - ANSWER-
4
What are the two generations? - ANSWER-gametophyte and sporophyte
What is the gametophyte generation? - ANSWER-haploid, produces gametes by mitosis
What is a sporophyte? - ANSWER-Diploid, makes spores by meiosis
What is the embryo? - ANSWER-A young sporophyte that is nourished by maternal tissue
Features of liverworts, mosses and hornworts in general - ANSWER-Bryophytes, all very short, tend to
live in moist understories of forests, gametophyte is dominant life stage - the sporophyte lives on
gametophyte and is dependent on it for nourishment
Liverworts - ANSWER-a nonvascular plant that's shaped like a human liver. found growing as a thick crust
on moist rocks or soil along the sides of a stream.,~ 9000 species, do not have stomata- only pores
, Mosses - ANSWER-15000 species economically important especially in florist trade ' — soft, small, green
and nonvascular and are found on the ground near water, have stomata
Hornworts - ANSWER-A small, herbaceous, nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum
Anthocerophyta., only r 100 species, sporophyte long lived
Why did plants get taller? - ANSWER-Being taller than competitors is important
In order to achieve great heights plants need to... - ANSWER-Transport things with their bodies - water to
leaves, sugars made in leaves to all other cells (roots and stems)
True or false: spores, which are dispersed by wind, are dispersed further from greater heights - ANSWER-
True
True or false: larger, branched sporophytes allow the plant to make more spores per fertilization event -
ANSWER-True
True or false: gametophyte is constrained by the need for water (and lacks a vascular system) - ANSWER-
True
True or false: sporophyte is haploid which exposes harmful mutations and eliminates them from
population - ANSWER-False - they are diploid
Fern features - ANSWER-- 12000 species, gametophyte phase and sporophyte phase grow independently
Gymnosperms - ANSWER-A plant that produces seeds that are exposed rather than seeds enclosed in
fruits
What are the four divisions of gymnosperms? - ANSWER-1 ginregoidae ( only 1 extant species),
cycadidae (cycads), gnetidae, pinidae (conifers)
What is one of the most endangered plant groups? What ave the biggest threats? - ANSWER-Cycads-
climate change, and poaching
What is Welwitschia? - ANSWER-A member of the gretidae - make two leaves their entire life
What are angiosperms? - ANSWER-plants that produce flowers as reproductive organs, the most
successful land plant group, 300,000 species, ecologically dominant
Unique traits of angiosperms? - ANSWER-Flowers, ovules/seeds that enclose in sporophyl(carpel), fruit ,
pollen tubes and double fertilization
What was the shift in dominance in plant evolution? - ANSWER-Shift from gametophyte dominance to
sporophyte dominance
A seed is a.... And its good supply... - ANSWER-Embryo, food supply surrounded by a protective coat
What is a naked seed? - ANSWER-gymnosperm, pollen delivered directly to the ovule
Ovule - ANSWER-structure in seed cones in which the female gametophytes develops, sits right on spore-
exposed/naked
study set with Questions and
correct/verified Answers
What factors might have made it difficult for a lineage of algae to invade land? - ANSWER-Cells drying
out, less physical support, sperm will have a hard time fertilizing eggs
What are the challenges of contesting land? - ANSWER-Need to maintain water in cells, support, sexual
reproduction
What was the advantage to moving to land? - ANSWER-Avoids competition for light
What traits do green algae share with land plants? - ANSWER-Cellulose Cell wall, chlorophyll a &b, two
anterior flagella
What is a preadaptation? - ANSWER-A trait that was already present and allowed a major ecological
transition
What are traits of the freshwater charophytes - ANSWER-Often found growing at edges of small ponds,
shoreline of ponds change with rainfall, strong selective pressure to tolerate dry periods
What are 4 preadaptations of charophytes? - ANSWER-Fresh water, spores, spores covered in
spuropollenin, can associate with mycorrhizal fungi which helps get nutrients
What is sporopollenin? - ANSWER-Most stable biopolymer known, decay resistant!, dehydration
resistant, uv protectant
What are mycorrhizal partners good for? - ANSWER-Found in 400 MA fossils, essential fur acquiring
nutrients and for the step onto land
What are the major adaptations shared by all land plants? - ANSWER-Cuticle, pores or stomata, embryo
How many spores does a charophyte doing zygotic meiosis make for each fertilization event? - ANSWER-
4
What are the two generations? - ANSWER-gametophyte and sporophyte
What is the gametophyte generation? - ANSWER-haploid, produces gametes by mitosis
What is a sporophyte? - ANSWER-Diploid, makes spores by meiosis
What is the embryo? - ANSWER-A young sporophyte that is nourished by maternal tissue
Features of liverworts, mosses and hornworts in general - ANSWER-Bryophytes, all very short, tend to
live in moist understories of forests, gametophyte is dominant life stage - the sporophyte lives on
gametophyte and is dependent on it for nourishment
Liverworts - ANSWER-a nonvascular plant that's shaped like a human liver. found growing as a thick crust
on moist rocks or soil along the sides of a stream.,~ 9000 species, do not have stomata- only pores
, Mosses - ANSWER-15000 species economically important especially in florist trade ' — soft, small, green
and nonvascular and are found on the ground near water, have stomata
Hornworts - ANSWER-A small, herbaceous, nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum
Anthocerophyta., only r 100 species, sporophyte long lived
Why did plants get taller? - ANSWER-Being taller than competitors is important
In order to achieve great heights plants need to... - ANSWER-Transport things with their bodies - water to
leaves, sugars made in leaves to all other cells (roots and stems)
True or false: spores, which are dispersed by wind, are dispersed further from greater heights - ANSWER-
True
True or false: larger, branched sporophytes allow the plant to make more spores per fertilization event -
ANSWER-True
True or false: gametophyte is constrained by the need for water (and lacks a vascular system) - ANSWER-
True
True or false: sporophyte is haploid which exposes harmful mutations and eliminates them from
population - ANSWER-False - they are diploid
Fern features - ANSWER-- 12000 species, gametophyte phase and sporophyte phase grow independently
Gymnosperms - ANSWER-A plant that produces seeds that are exposed rather than seeds enclosed in
fruits
What are the four divisions of gymnosperms? - ANSWER-1 ginregoidae ( only 1 extant species),
cycadidae (cycads), gnetidae, pinidae (conifers)
What is one of the most endangered plant groups? What ave the biggest threats? - ANSWER-Cycads-
climate change, and poaching
What is Welwitschia? - ANSWER-A member of the gretidae - make two leaves their entire life
What are angiosperms? - ANSWER-plants that produce flowers as reproductive organs, the most
successful land plant group, 300,000 species, ecologically dominant
Unique traits of angiosperms? - ANSWER-Flowers, ovules/seeds that enclose in sporophyl(carpel), fruit ,
pollen tubes and double fertilization
What was the shift in dominance in plant evolution? - ANSWER-Shift from gametophyte dominance to
sporophyte dominance
A seed is a.... And its good supply... - ANSWER-Embryo, food supply surrounded by a protective coat
What is a naked seed? - ANSWER-gymnosperm, pollen delivered directly to the ovule
Ovule - ANSWER-structure in seed cones in which the female gametophytes develops, sits right on spore-
exposed/naked
