BIO202 FINAL PAPER 2025 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
RATED A+
✔✔Macroglia - ✔✔- support neurons
- oligodendrocytes, schwann cells & astrocytes (make mylein sheaths)
✔✔Microglia - ✔✔Derived from blood-forming stem cells; Motile, phagocytosis, first &
major immune defense of nervous system
✔✔CNS - ✔✔Central nervous system - brain and spinal cord
✔✔PNS - ✔✔Peripheral nervous system, communication between CNS and rest of
body
✔✔What animals fall under the class Urodela? - ✔✔Salamanders
✔✔What animals fall under the class Anurans? - ✔✔Frogs
✔✔What animals fall under the class Apoda? - ✔✔Caecilians
✔✔What animals fall under the class Reptilia? - ✔✔Reptiles
✔✔What are the 5 features all chordates share at some point in life? - ✔✔notochord,
dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal gill slits, post anal tail, thyroid glands.
✔✔What animal represents SUBphylum Urochordata? - ✔✔Tunicates (Sea squirts)
✔✔What animal represents SUBphylum Cephalochordata? - ✔✔Lancelet (Amphoxius)
✔✔What are the features of SUBphylum Vertebrata? - ✔✔Endoskeleton, skull, closed
circulatory system, kidneys
✔✔Innovations - ✔✔adaptations that allow animals to better fit in their environment
✔✔Ovoviviparous - ✔✔producing living young from eggs that hatch within the body
✔✔Viviparous - ✔✔bearing live young
✔✔Oviparous - ✔✔eggs hatch outside the mother's body
✔✔What are the 4 Tissue types? - ✔✔Nervous, Epithelial, Connective, Muscle
✔✔What are the connective tissues? - ✔✔Blood, bone, tendons, ligaments, adipose,
cartilage
, ✔✔What does connective tissue do? - ✔✔Provides structure and support
✔✔3 Types of nervous tissue - ✔✔Neurons, sensors, Glia
✔✔What does microglia do? - ✔✔phagocytosis and immune surveillance (per video:
picks up debris and hunts down foreign invaders)
✔✔What does macroglia do? - ✔✔Support neurons
✔✔Axons - ✔✔a part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body
✔✔Electrical synapses - ✔✔Synapses that transmit information via the direct flow of
electrical current through the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
✔✔Where do electrical synapses occur? - ✔✔Neurons, glia, heart muscle, smooth
muscle
✔✔Sebaceous glands - ✔✔secrete sebum (oil) to repel water
✔✔Eccrine glands - ✔✔produce sweat
✔✔Apocrine glands - ✔✔produce scents
✔✔Mammary glands - ✔✔secrete milk
✔✔What are the 4 clades of the class Reptilia? - ✔✔Crocodilians, Squamates,
Sphenodontia, Testudines
✔✔Class: Aves - ✔✔The most diverse species of land vertebrate
✔✔anapsid, synapsid, diapsid - ✔✔What are the 3 temporal fenestrae conditions?
✔✔What animals represent the class Amphibia? - ✔✔Frogs, Salamanders, Caecilians
✔✔Poikilotherm - ✔✔an animal whose body temperature varies with the temperature of
its surroundings
✔✔Poikilotherm examples - ✔✔frogs, fish
✔✔Infraphylum/Superclass: Agnatha - ✔✔Jawless fish (hagfish, lampreys)
✔✔Class Chondrichthyes - ✔✔sharks, skates, rays
RATED A+
✔✔Macroglia - ✔✔- support neurons
- oligodendrocytes, schwann cells & astrocytes (make mylein sheaths)
✔✔Microglia - ✔✔Derived from blood-forming stem cells; Motile, phagocytosis, first &
major immune defense of nervous system
✔✔CNS - ✔✔Central nervous system - brain and spinal cord
✔✔PNS - ✔✔Peripheral nervous system, communication between CNS and rest of
body
✔✔What animals fall under the class Urodela? - ✔✔Salamanders
✔✔What animals fall under the class Anurans? - ✔✔Frogs
✔✔What animals fall under the class Apoda? - ✔✔Caecilians
✔✔What animals fall under the class Reptilia? - ✔✔Reptiles
✔✔What are the 5 features all chordates share at some point in life? - ✔✔notochord,
dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal gill slits, post anal tail, thyroid glands.
✔✔What animal represents SUBphylum Urochordata? - ✔✔Tunicates (Sea squirts)
✔✔What animal represents SUBphylum Cephalochordata? - ✔✔Lancelet (Amphoxius)
✔✔What are the features of SUBphylum Vertebrata? - ✔✔Endoskeleton, skull, closed
circulatory system, kidneys
✔✔Innovations - ✔✔adaptations that allow animals to better fit in their environment
✔✔Ovoviviparous - ✔✔producing living young from eggs that hatch within the body
✔✔Viviparous - ✔✔bearing live young
✔✔Oviparous - ✔✔eggs hatch outside the mother's body
✔✔What are the 4 Tissue types? - ✔✔Nervous, Epithelial, Connective, Muscle
✔✔What are the connective tissues? - ✔✔Blood, bone, tendons, ligaments, adipose,
cartilage
, ✔✔What does connective tissue do? - ✔✔Provides structure and support
✔✔3 Types of nervous tissue - ✔✔Neurons, sensors, Glia
✔✔What does microglia do? - ✔✔phagocytosis and immune surveillance (per video:
picks up debris and hunts down foreign invaders)
✔✔What does macroglia do? - ✔✔Support neurons
✔✔Axons - ✔✔a part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body
✔✔Electrical synapses - ✔✔Synapses that transmit information via the direct flow of
electrical current through the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
✔✔Where do electrical synapses occur? - ✔✔Neurons, glia, heart muscle, smooth
muscle
✔✔Sebaceous glands - ✔✔secrete sebum (oil) to repel water
✔✔Eccrine glands - ✔✔produce sweat
✔✔Apocrine glands - ✔✔produce scents
✔✔Mammary glands - ✔✔secrete milk
✔✔What are the 4 clades of the class Reptilia? - ✔✔Crocodilians, Squamates,
Sphenodontia, Testudines
✔✔Class: Aves - ✔✔The most diverse species of land vertebrate
✔✔anapsid, synapsid, diapsid - ✔✔What are the 3 temporal fenestrae conditions?
✔✔What animals represent the class Amphibia? - ✔✔Frogs, Salamanders, Caecilians
✔✔Poikilotherm - ✔✔an animal whose body temperature varies with the temperature of
its surroundings
✔✔Poikilotherm examples - ✔✔frogs, fish
✔✔Infraphylum/Superclass: Agnatha - ✔✔Jawless fish (hagfish, lampreys)
✔✔Class Chondrichthyes - ✔✔sharks, skates, rays
