AP BIOLOGY UNIT 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025

Carbohydrate Examples - Correct Answer-glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides Disaccharide - Correct Answer-A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. Monosaccharide - Correct Answer-A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar. Polysaccharide - Correct Answer-Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides Glycosidic Linkage - Correct Answer-A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction. Starch - Correct Answer-A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose. Cellulose - Correct Answer-A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms Lipid Examples - Correct Answer-fatty acids, fats, saturated fats, unsaturated fats, steroids, phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides Unsaturated Fat - Correct Answer-A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Saturated Fat - Correct Answer-A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms Steroid - Correct Answer-lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings Phospholipid - Correct Answer-a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes Nucleotide - Correct Answer-monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base Nucleic Acid Examples - Correct Answer-DNA, RNA, (ATP and ADP are modified nucleic acids) Protein Examples - Correct Answer-amino acids, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures, collagen, hemoglobin, enzymes Triglyceride - Correct Answer-a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule Amino Acid Examples - Correct Answer-glutamine, proline, cysteine, lycine, ... Primary Structure of a Protein - Correct Answer-sequence of amino acids Secondary Structure of a Protein - Correct Answer-protein structure is formed by folding and twisting of amino acid chain Tertiary Structure of a Protein - Correct Answer-protein structure is formed when the twists and folds of the secondary structure fold again to from a larger 3D structure Quaternary Structure of a Protein - Correct Answer-protein structure is a protein consisting of more than one folded amino acid chain Disulfide Bridge - Correct Answer-The covalent bond between two sulfur atoms (-S—S-) linking two molecules or remote parts of the same molecule. Hydrogen Bonds - Correct Answer-Very weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to the electrostatic atom in another molecule nucleic acid - Correct Answer-kind of macromolecule that stores, transfers, and expresses genetic information Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen (CHOPN) - Correct Answer-elements that make up a nucleic acid nucleotide - Correct Answer-monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base double helix - Correct Answer-term used to describe the arrangement of a DNA strand RNA - Correct Answer-ribonucleic acid; a polymer of nucleotides that transfers genetic information how RNA differs from DNA - Correct Answer-the sugar in RNA is ribose; Uracil bonds with Adenine; RNA is single-stranded Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON) - Correct Answer-elements that make up a protein amino acid - Correct Answer-building block (monomer) of proteins, composed of an amino group and a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and an R-group structure of an amino acid - Correct Answer-a carboxyl group, an amino group, a central Carbon, a Hydrogen, and an R-group peptide bond - Correct Answer-covalent bond formed between amino acids polypeptide chain - Correct Answer-a long line of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds R-group - Correct Answer-stands for the rest of the compound, different for each kind of amino acid, giving the amino acid its properties