EXAM 2: BIO 151, 2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
What part of the cell synthesizes protein?
ribosomes
What part of the cell modifies & folds proteins into shape?
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
What happens during oxidation phosphorylation?
electrons are derived from NADH and FADH2 combined with O2
and the energy released is used for the synthesis of ATP
Where does oxidation phosphorylation occur?
inner mitochondria membrane
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
the formation of ATP by transferring a phosphate group from a
high-energy compound to an ADP molecule
What is the electron transport chain?
Is a sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP.
How does the electron transport chain work?
electrons are passed down the chain. Each downhill cytochrome is
more electronegative and energy is released as electrons are
passed
What are cytochromes?
,a series of integral and peripheral membrane proteins that make
up the ETC
What is chemiosmosis?
energy stored in a proton gradient across a membrane is used for
cell work (synthesizing ATP)
How does chemiosmosis work?
Energy from the electron transport chain powers the passage of
H+ ions through the membrane, where it passes the ATP
synthase to produce ATP.
How does the ATP synthase function?
it synthesizes ATP from ADP and another phosphate group which
is from a gradient of H+
Why is oxygen important in cellular respiration?
It is used as the end electron acceptor for the ETC
What stage of cellular respiration is oxygen used?
oxidative phosphorylation
What happens in the absence of oxygen?
fermentation
How do some organisms make ATP without oxygen?
anaerobic respiration
What macromolecules can be used for cellular respiration?
carbohydrates, fats and proteins
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses
it to make food
, What is the chemical equation for photoynthesis?
6Co2 + 6H20 + Light Energy----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
What are the products of photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
What is an autotroph?
Organisms that make their own food
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that cannot make its own food.
What is a pigment?
Light-absorbing molecule
What are pigments that take place in photosynthesis and what
are their roles?
Chlorophyll- absorbs light energy from the sun
Where does photosynthesis take place?
chloroplast in leaves
What are the stages of photosynthesis?
light reactions and calvin cycle
Which stage of photosynthesis needs light?
the light reactions
What stage of photosynthesis is anabolic?
Calvin cycle
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
What part of the cell synthesizes protein?
ribosomes
What part of the cell modifies & folds proteins into shape?
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
What happens during oxidation phosphorylation?
electrons are derived from NADH and FADH2 combined with O2
and the energy released is used for the synthesis of ATP
Where does oxidation phosphorylation occur?
inner mitochondria membrane
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
the formation of ATP by transferring a phosphate group from a
high-energy compound to an ADP molecule
What is the electron transport chain?
Is a sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP.
How does the electron transport chain work?
electrons are passed down the chain. Each downhill cytochrome is
more electronegative and energy is released as electrons are
passed
What are cytochromes?
,a series of integral and peripheral membrane proteins that make
up the ETC
What is chemiosmosis?
energy stored in a proton gradient across a membrane is used for
cell work (synthesizing ATP)
How does chemiosmosis work?
Energy from the electron transport chain powers the passage of
H+ ions through the membrane, where it passes the ATP
synthase to produce ATP.
How does the ATP synthase function?
it synthesizes ATP from ADP and another phosphate group which
is from a gradient of H+
Why is oxygen important in cellular respiration?
It is used as the end electron acceptor for the ETC
What stage of cellular respiration is oxygen used?
oxidative phosphorylation
What happens in the absence of oxygen?
fermentation
How do some organisms make ATP without oxygen?
anaerobic respiration
What macromolecules can be used for cellular respiration?
carbohydrates, fats and proteins
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses
it to make food
, What is the chemical equation for photoynthesis?
6Co2 + 6H20 + Light Energy----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
What are the products of photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
What is an autotroph?
Organisms that make their own food
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that cannot make its own food.
What is a pigment?
Light-absorbing molecule
What are pigments that take place in photosynthesis and what
are their roles?
Chlorophyll- absorbs light energy from the sun
Where does photosynthesis take place?
chloroplast in leaves
What are the stages of photosynthesis?
light reactions and calvin cycle
Which stage of photosynthesis needs light?
the light reactions
What stage of photosynthesis is anabolic?
Calvin cycle
