1. Topic >> the general subject of the the text
2. Main idea >> the key message or thesis of the text
3. Key points >> key points and their supporting details develop the main idea
4. Summary >> a brief restatement of the main idea and the most important key points and
details
5. Inference >> a conclusion reached by critical thinking, reading between the lines,
applying logic to facts and evidence while recognizing context clues
6. Inference (explicit) >> clearly stated
7. Inference (implied) >> implied; not directly stated
8. Conclusion >> a deduction made about an unstated outcome based on prediction,
details, evidence, and results
9. Descriptive >> includes sensory details to create a clear mental picture for the
reader
10. Expository >> informs, explains, or tells how to do something; uses only facts and
examples
11. Narrative >> tells a story to entertain, inform, or challenge
12. Persuasive >> includes facts and strong opinions to make the reader feel, think, or
,behave a certain way
13. Bias >> tendency toward a preconceived idea
14. Connotative meaning >> the implied meaning of a word, with assumptions or an
emotional charge attached to it
15. Denotative meaning >> the standard dictionary definition of a word
16. Rhetorical device >> stylistic language used to have an emotional or persuasive
effect on the reader
17. Tone >> the writer's attitude or emotions concerning the topic
18. Argument >> a point the author believes
19. Compare and Contrast >> to compare means to look for similarities; to contrast
means to look for differences
20. Prediction >> a reader's guess of what could happen, based on details found in the
text
21. Primary source >> a firsthand, unaltered document by the original author or creator;
includes novels, letters, original research papers, datasets, paintings pho- tographs
22. Secondary source >> a document that analyzes, discusses, or reproduces a primary
source; includes textbooks and many other nonfiction books, review articles, biographies
23. Tertiary source >> a reference work that consolidates information from primary
and secondary sources; includes encyclopedias, handbooks, study guides
, 24. PEMDAS >> parentheses, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, and sub-
traction
25. Least common denominator >> the smallest number into which two or more
denominators will divide evenly
26. Decimals >> represent parts of a whole
27. Ratio >> a comparison between the quantity of one item and the quantity of
another item
28. Mean >> the average of a set of numbers
29. Median >> the middle number
30. Mode >> the number that appears most often in a set of numbers
31. Range >> measures the spread of a given set of numbers
32. Area >> the amount of space within the boundary of the shape
33. Perimeter >> the distance around the shape
34. Volume >> the amount of space the object occupies or can hold, as measured in cubic
units
35. Pythagorean theorem >> applies to right triangles; a^2 + b^2 = c^2
36. Acute angles >> angles <90 degrees
37. Hypotenuse >> the side opposite the right angle
38. Straight angle >> 180 degree angle