NURS 534 Exam 1 Cell & Signal Transduction, Genetics &
Muscle questions with verified answers
Actin filaments Ans✓✓✓ (i.e. microfilaments): components of the
contractile apparatus
Allows cell to move and keep cell structure
Carriers Ans✓✓✓ actively transport substances across the membrane
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) Ans✓✓✓ Integrins (located on the
outside of the cell membrane) cadherins (which span the membrane) &
selectins
Cell to cell connections
Collagen Ans✓✓✓ An important protein of the ECM, collagen is
synthesized by fibroblasts
Describe the factors influencing the movement of fluid between the
capillary and interstitial fluid. Ans✓✓✓ Negatively charged proteins in
the plasma, such as albumin, exert oncotic/colloid osmotic pressure
Water filtrations and absorption depend on the balance between
osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure is an important driving force, but this is set by the
oncotic/osmotic pressure within the intravascular compartment
Determined by activity of the heart
, Desmosomes Ans✓✓✓ Two adjacent cells are attached and linked by
cell adhesion proteins - this fibrous connect permits stretch (e.g. skin,
smooth muscle)
Elastin Ans✓✓✓ An elastic protein in connective tissue that allows
tissues to maintain shape during contractions/stretching (e.g. skin &
heart)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Ans✓✓✓ A network of channels that extend
through the cytoplasm
Enzymes Ans✓✓✓ proteins that act as biological catalysts
Facilitated diffusion Ans✓✓✓ The molecules can pass both in direction
and opposite of the concentration gradient.
Requires a membrane protein - does not require energy
Facilitated Transport Ans✓✓✓ Requires an integral carrier protein (in
the membrane)
The rate of transport is faster compared with simple diffusion
There is a maximal rate (i.e. saturation)
Example: glucose transporters (e.g. GLUT1, GLUT2)
These are insulin-independent transporters
Muscle questions with verified answers
Actin filaments Ans✓✓✓ (i.e. microfilaments): components of the
contractile apparatus
Allows cell to move and keep cell structure
Carriers Ans✓✓✓ actively transport substances across the membrane
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) Ans✓✓✓ Integrins (located on the
outside of the cell membrane) cadherins (which span the membrane) &
selectins
Cell to cell connections
Collagen Ans✓✓✓ An important protein of the ECM, collagen is
synthesized by fibroblasts
Describe the factors influencing the movement of fluid between the
capillary and interstitial fluid. Ans✓✓✓ Negatively charged proteins in
the plasma, such as albumin, exert oncotic/colloid osmotic pressure
Water filtrations and absorption depend on the balance between
osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure is an important driving force, but this is set by the
oncotic/osmotic pressure within the intravascular compartment
Determined by activity of the heart
, Desmosomes Ans✓✓✓ Two adjacent cells are attached and linked by
cell adhesion proteins - this fibrous connect permits stretch (e.g. skin,
smooth muscle)
Elastin Ans✓✓✓ An elastic protein in connective tissue that allows
tissues to maintain shape during contractions/stretching (e.g. skin &
heart)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Ans✓✓✓ A network of channels that extend
through the cytoplasm
Enzymes Ans✓✓✓ proteins that act as biological catalysts
Facilitated diffusion Ans✓✓✓ The molecules can pass both in direction
and opposite of the concentration gradient.
Requires a membrane protein - does not require energy
Facilitated Transport Ans✓✓✓ Requires an integral carrier protein (in
the membrane)
The rate of transport is faster compared with simple diffusion
There is a maximal rate (i.e. saturation)
Example: glucose transporters (e.g. GLUT1, GLUT2)
These are insulin-independent transporters
