GCU BIO202 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
(ENDOCRINE & BLOOD) | 2024/2025
VERIFIED Q&A
◉releasing hormones ✓ Answer: Stimulate synthesis and secretion of one or more
hormones anterior lobe
◉Inhibiting hormones ✓ Answer: Prevents synthesis and secretion of hormones from
the anterior lobe
◉hypophyseal portal system ✓ Answer: -blood vessels link 2 capillary networks
—entire complex is portal system
-only present between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary-specialized capillaries for
certain hormones to be released
◉neurosecretory cells ✓ Answer: Cells of the hypothalamus that produce and release
hormones through the pituitary gland
◉Oxytocin ✓ Answer: -hormones of posterior pituitary
-stimulates contractions of uteri's during labor
-causes milk ejection from breast tissue
◉antiduiretic hormone ✓ Answer: -posterior pituitary
-decreases urine production
-in large amounts, causes vasoconstriction leading to increased blood pressure(keeps
fluid in—no pee)
◉ADH and oxytocin are produced in the ? And stored in the ? ✓ Answer: hypothalamus,
posterior pituitary
◉ADH is also known as ✓ Answer: anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin)
◉TRH (thyroid releasing hormone) ✓ Answer: Hormone 1- TSH, endocrine target-
thyroid gland, hormone 2- thyroid hormone
◉CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) ✓ Answer: Hormone 1- ACTH, endocrine
target- adrenal gland, hormone 2- gluco-corticoids
, ◉GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) ✓ Answer: a hormone secreted by the
hypothalamus that regulates the pituitary's secretion of gonad-stimulating hormones
hormone 1- FSH, endocrine target- testes and ovaries, hormone 2- inhibit-estrogen
◉GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) ✓ Answer: Hormone 1- LH, endocrine
target- ovaries and testes, hormone 2- progestins/estrogens/androgens
◉Describe the anatómica location of the thyroid gland ✓ Answer: Líes inferior to thyroid
cartilage of larynx- consists of 2 lobes connected by narrow isthmus
◉Thyroglobulin ✓ Answer: Transports proteins- attach to T3 and T4
◉Thyroxine ✓ Answer: 4 iodine molecules
◉Triiodothyronine (T3) ✓ Answer: 3 iodine molecules
◉Calcitonin ✓ Answer: Lowers blood calcium
◉TRH is made in the ? ✓ Answer: hypothalamus
◉TSH is made in the ? ✓ Answer: anterior pituitary
◉T3/T4 are made in the ? ✓ Answer: made in the thyroid gland
◉Negative feedback loop inclined with thyroxine blood level regulation ✓ Answer: TRH
released from hypothalamus—- TSH released from anterior pituitary binds to
membrane—- receptors on follicular, activates enzymes in thyroid hormone production,
absense caused thyroid follicle to inactivate—- T3 and T4- released from thyroid—
increases levels inhibit TRH and TSH release = negative feedback inhibition
◉thyroid hormone ✓ Answer: -elevates rate of o2 and energy consumption - in kids- can
elevate body temp
-increases heart rate/ force of consumption—- increases blood pressure
-stimulates RBC formation
-stimulates endocrine activity
◉What is a cause of hyperthyroidism ✓ Answer: -elevation of T3/T4 above normal=
hyperthyroidism symptoms: nervousness, increase in body temp, heart rate, metabolic
rate, BP, weight loss
-too much thyroxin made and secrted
-autoimmune— antibodies make too much T3/T4
(ENDOCRINE & BLOOD) | 2024/2025
VERIFIED Q&A
◉releasing hormones ✓ Answer: Stimulate synthesis and secretion of one or more
hormones anterior lobe
◉Inhibiting hormones ✓ Answer: Prevents synthesis and secretion of hormones from
the anterior lobe
◉hypophyseal portal system ✓ Answer: -blood vessels link 2 capillary networks
—entire complex is portal system
-only present between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary-specialized capillaries for
certain hormones to be released
◉neurosecretory cells ✓ Answer: Cells of the hypothalamus that produce and release
hormones through the pituitary gland
◉Oxytocin ✓ Answer: -hormones of posterior pituitary
-stimulates contractions of uteri's during labor
-causes milk ejection from breast tissue
◉antiduiretic hormone ✓ Answer: -posterior pituitary
-decreases urine production
-in large amounts, causes vasoconstriction leading to increased blood pressure(keeps
fluid in—no pee)
◉ADH and oxytocin are produced in the ? And stored in the ? ✓ Answer: hypothalamus,
posterior pituitary
◉ADH is also known as ✓ Answer: anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin)
◉TRH (thyroid releasing hormone) ✓ Answer: Hormone 1- TSH, endocrine target-
thyroid gland, hormone 2- thyroid hormone
◉CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) ✓ Answer: Hormone 1- ACTH, endocrine
target- adrenal gland, hormone 2- gluco-corticoids
, ◉GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) ✓ Answer: a hormone secreted by the
hypothalamus that regulates the pituitary's secretion of gonad-stimulating hormones
hormone 1- FSH, endocrine target- testes and ovaries, hormone 2- inhibit-estrogen
◉GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) ✓ Answer: Hormone 1- LH, endocrine
target- ovaries and testes, hormone 2- progestins/estrogens/androgens
◉Describe the anatómica location of the thyroid gland ✓ Answer: Líes inferior to thyroid
cartilage of larynx- consists of 2 lobes connected by narrow isthmus
◉Thyroglobulin ✓ Answer: Transports proteins- attach to T3 and T4
◉Thyroxine ✓ Answer: 4 iodine molecules
◉Triiodothyronine (T3) ✓ Answer: 3 iodine molecules
◉Calcitonin ✓ Answer: Lowers blood calcium
◉TRH is made in the ? ✓ Answer: hypothalamus
◉TSH is made in the ? ✓ Answer: anterior pituitary
◉T3/T4 are made in the ? ✓ Answer: made in the thyroid gland
◉Negative feedback loop inclined with thyroxine blood level regulation ✓ Answer: TRH
released from hypothalamus—- TSH released from anterior pituitary binds to
membrane—- receptors on follicular, activates enzymes in thyroid hormone production,
absense caused thyroid follicle to inactivate—- T3 and T4- released from thyroid—
increases levels inhibit TRH and TSH release = negative feedback inhibition
◉thyroid hormone ✓ Answer: -elevates rate of o2 and energy consumption - in kids- can
elevate body temp
-increases heart rate/ force of consumption—- increases blood pressure
-stimulates RBC formation
-stimulates endocrine activity
◉What is a cause of hyperthyroidism ✓ Answer: -elevation of T3/T4 above normal=
hyperthyroidism symptoms: nervousness, increase in body temp, heart rate, metabolic
rate, BP, weight loss
-too much thyroxin made and secrted
-autoimmune— antibodies make too much T3/T4
