WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
EXAM (TCU SCHWARTZ) QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Primary economic activity - ANSWER-includes agriculture, mining, and other natural
resource industries
Secondary economic activity - ANSWER-manufacturing, processing, engineering,
and construction
Tertiary economic activity - ANSWER-Retail sale and exchange of goods and
services (personal and professional services)
Quaternary economic activity - ANSWER-intellectual activities involving information,
education, research, and management
Quinary economic activity - ANSWER-executive decision makers
GDP / Capita - ANSWER-Gross Domestic Product / Population
- a means of measuring economic development
=GDP
+ Consumer spending
+ Investments
+ Govt. spending
+ Net exports
*Does not show specific individual information
*Only counts formal economy
GNI / capita - ANSWER-- Gross National Income / population
- GDP + net value of income from abroad
"Per Capita" - ANSWER-means to take the GDP/GNI and divide it by the number of
people in a country (aka per person)
GDP/GNI Shortcomings - ANSWER-- hides inequality
- only accounts for formal economy
- ignores purchasing power
- don't include non market goods and services
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) - ANSWER-What 1 U.S. dollar (or the equivalent in a
given currency) can purchase locally
Shows buying power
, Human Development Index - ANSWER-Indicator of level of development for each
country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and
life expectancy. (NOT ECONOMIC)
On a scale of 0-1, 1 Being the best
Ousourcing - ANSWER-Same shore, just different company
Offshoring - ANSWER-The practice of exporting U.S. jobs to lower paid employees
in other nations
offshore outsourcing - ANSWER-The practice of contracting with an organization to
perform some or all business functions in a different country
commodity chain - ANSWER-a network of labor and production processes that link
world regions together in ways that may reinforce economic differences
- show how interconnected people/companies in different countries are
Sovereign State - ANSWER-- can determine its own laws and regulations
- have borders that are recognized and respected by other sovereign states
Nation - ANSWER-A group of people united by something they have in common
(shared religion, history, language, etc.)
nation-state - ANSWER-a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively
homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent
(ex: Iceland, the boundaries of Iceland have a very homogenous population that is
one nation of people)
Stateless Nation - ANSWER-a nation of people that do not have a state to call their
own
Ex. The kurds
Nationalism - ANSWER-The feeling of belonging to a nation and the belief that the
nation has the right to determine its own affairs
- Growing sense that the term nationalism is used to exclude other groups within a
nation, has become a more narrow definition
Supernational Organizations - ANSWER-organizations that have more than one
country as its members
- tend to have goals that benefit multiple states in one or more areas
(ex: United Nations, NAFTA, NATO, OPEC)
NGOs (non-governmental organizations) - ANSWER-non governmental
organizations are groups that operate outside the influence of governments, work in
EXAM (TCU SCHWARTZ) QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Primary economic activity - ANSWER-includes agriculture, mining, and other natural
resource industries
Secondary economic activity - ANSWER-manufacturing, processing, engineering,
and construction
Tertiary economic activity - ANSWER-Retail sale and exchange of goods and
services (personal and professional services)
Quaternary economic activity - ANSWER-intellectual activities involving information,
education, research, and management
Quinary economic activity - ANSWER-executive decision makers
GDP / Capita - ANSWER-Gross Domestic Product / Population
- a means of measuring economic development
=GDP
+ Consumer spending
+ Investments
+ Govt. spending
+ Net exports
*Does not show specific individual information
*Only counts formal economy
GNI / capita - ANSWER-- Gross National Income / population
- GDP + net value of income from abroad
"Per Capita" - ANSWER-means to take the GDP/GNI and divide it by the number of
people in a country (aka per person)
GDP/GNI Shortcomings - ANSWER-- hides inequality
- only accounts for formal economy
- ignores purchasing power
- don't include non market goods and services
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) - ANSWER-What 1 U.S. dollar (or the equivalent in a
given currency) can purchase locally
Shows buying power
, Human Development Index - ANSWER-Indicator of level of development for each
country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and
life expectancy. (NOT ECONOMIC)
On a scale of 0-1, 1 Being the best
Ousourcing - ANSWER-Same shore, just different company
Offshoring - ANSWER-The practice of exporting U.S. jobs to lower paid employees
in other nations
offshore outsourcing - ANSWER-The practice of contracting with an organization to
perform some or all business functions in a different country
commodity chain - ANSWER-a network of labor and production processes that link
world regions together in ways that may reinforce economic differences
- show how interconnected people/companies in different countries are
Sovereign State - ANSWER-- can determine its own laws and regulations
- have borders that are recognized and respected by other sovereign states
Nation - ANSWER-A group of people united by something they have in common
(shared religion, history, language, etc.)
nation-state - ANSWER-a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively
homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent
(ex: Iceland, the boundaries of Iceland have a very homogenous population that is
one nation of people)
Stateless Nation - ANSWER-a nation of people that do not have a state to call their
own
Ex. The kurds
Nationalism - ANSWER-The feeling of belonging to a nation and the belief that the
nation has the right to determine its own affairs
- Growing sense that the term nationalism is used to exclude other groups within a
nation, has become a more narrow definition
Supernational Organizations - ANSWER-organizations that have more than one
country as its members
- tend to have goals that benefit multiple states in one or more areas
(ex: United Nations, NAFTA, NATO, OPEC)
NGOs (non-governmental organizations) - ANSWER-non governmental
organizations are groups that operate outside the influence of governments, work in
