WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
EXAM GUIDE (TCU SCHWARTZ)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GDP per capita - ANSWER-- "Gross Domestic Product"
- a means of measuring economic development
- comprised of consumption, investment, and government expenditure and net profit
GNI per capita - ANSWER-- "Gross National Income"
- GDP + net value of income from abroad
"Per Capita" - ANSWER-means to take the GDP/GNI and divide it by the number of
people in a country (aka per person)
GDP/GNI Shortcomings - ANSWER-- hides inequality
- only accounts for formal economy
- ignores purchasing power
- don't include non market goods and services
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) - ANSWER-What 1 U.S. dollar (or the equivalent in a
given currency) can purchase locally
Human Development Index - ANSWER-Indicator of level of development for each
country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and
life expectancy
Ousourcing - ANSWER-A company hiring a third party to be responsible for an
existing internal activity
Offshoring - ANSWER-The practice of exporting U.S. jobs to lower paid employees
in other nations
offshore outsourcing - ANSWER-The practice of contracting with an organization to
perform some or all business functions in a country other than the country in which
the product or service will be sold
commodity chain - ANSWER-a network of labor and production processes that link
world regions together in ways that may reinforce economic differences
- show how interconnected people/companies in different countries are
Sovereign State - ANSWER-- can determine its own laws and regulations
- have borders that are recognized and respected by other sovereign states
Nation - ANSWER-group of people united by something they have in common
(shared religion, history, language, etc.)
, nation-state - ANSWER-a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively
homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent (ex: Iceland, the
boundaries of Iceland have a very homogenous population that is one nation of
people)
Stateless Nation - ANSWER-a nation of people that do not have a state to call their
own
Nationalism - ANSWER-The feeling of belonging to a nation and the belief that the
nation has the right to determine its own affairs
- Growing sense that the term nationalism is used to exclude other groups within a
nation, has become a more narrow definition
Supernational Organizations - ANSWER-organizations that have more than one
country as its members (ex: United Nations)
- tend to have goals that benefit multiple states in one or more areas
NGOs (non-governmental organizations) - ANSWER-non governmental
organizations are groups that operate outside the influence of governments, work in
multiple countries and typically focus on one goal in a certain area (ex: world wildlife
fund, doctors without borders)
Religion - ANSWER-the idea or belief of a higher power that is divine and above
other people
Diaspora - ANSWER-A dispersion of a homogenous group of people from an initial
homeland
Fundalmentalism - ANSWER-strict adherence to a particular region's text or
teachings
Lingua Franca - ANSWER-A language mutually understood and commonly used in
trade by people who have different native languages (language that you learn so you
can communicate in the wider world)
UNFCCC - ANSWER-since 1992, presidents have been meeting together to talk
about ways to resolve emissions
Water: Why is it important - ANSWER-to survive, to power thongs, hygiene, to grow
food
Virtual Water - ANSWER-Water that is not directly consumed but is used to produce
food and other products
Ecosystems - ANSWER-comprised of plants and animals that interact with each
other within a given area to make the ecosystem work
ecosystem services - ANSWER-the benefits/services that ecosystems provide to
human society (ex: rainforests provide lots of oxygen, water and soil protection by
wetlands)
EXAM GUIDE (TCU SCHWARTZ)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GDP per capita - ANSWER-- "Gross Domestic Product"
- a means of measuring economic development
- comprised of consumption, investment, and government expenditure and net profit
GNI per capita - ANSWER-- "Gross National Income"
- GDP + net value of income from abroad
"Per Capita" - ANSWER-means to take the GDP/GNI and divide it by the number of
people in a country (aka per person)
GDP/GNI Shortcomings - ANSWER-- hides inequality
- only accounts for formal economy
- ignores purchasing power
- don't include non market goods and services
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) - ANSWER-What 1 U.S. dollar (or the equivalent in a
given currency) can purchase locally
Human Development Index - ANSWER-Indicator of level of development for each
country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and
life expectancy
Ousourcing - ANSWER-A company hiring a third party to be responsible for an
existing internal activity
Offshoring - ANSWER-The practice of exporting U.S. jobs to lower paid employees
in other nations
offshore outsourcing - ANSWER-The practice of contracting with an organization to
perform some or all business functions in a country other than the country in which
the product or service will be sold
commodity chain - ANSWER-a network of labor and production processes that link
world regions together in ways that may reinforce economic differences
- show how interconnected people/companies in different countries are
Sovereign State - ANSWER-- can determine its own laws and regulations
- have borders that are recognized and respected by other sovereign states
Nation - ANSWER-group of people united by something they have in common
(shared religion, history, language, etc.)
, nation-state - ANSWER-a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively
homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent (ex: Iceland, the
boundaries of Iceland have a very homogenous population that is one nation of
people)
Stateless Nation - ANSWER-a nation of people that do not have a state to call their
own
Nationalism - ANSWER-The feeling of belonging to a nation and the belief that the
nation has the right to determine its own affairs
- Growing sense that the term nationalism is used to exclude other groups within a
nation, has become a more narrow definition
Supernational Organizations - ANSWER-organizations that have more than one
country as its members (ex: United Nations)
- tend to have goals that benefit multiple states in one or more areas
NGOs (non-governmental organizations) - ANSWER-non governmental
organizations are groups that operate outside the influence of governments, work in
multiple countries and typically focus on one goal in a certain area (ex: world wildlife
fund, doctors without borders)
Religion - ANSWER-the idea or belief of a higher power that is divine and above
other people
Diaspora - ANSWER-A dispersion of a homogenous group of people from an initial
homeland
Fundalmentalism - ANSWER-strict adherence to a particular region's text or
teachings
Lingua Franca - ANSWER-A language mutually understood and commonly used in
trade by people who have different native languages (language that you learn so you
can communicate in the wider world)
UNFCCC - ANSWER-since 1992, presidents have been meeting together to talk
about ways to resolve emissions
Water: Why is it important - ANSWER-to survive, to power thongs, hygiene, to grow
food
Virtual Water - ANSWER-Water that is not directly consumed but is used to produce
food and other products
Ecosystems - ANSWER-comprised of plants and animals that interact with each
other within a given area to make the ecosystem work
ecosystem services - ANSWER-the benefits/services that ecosystems provide to
human society (ex: rainforests provide lots of oxygen, water and soil protection by
wetlands)
