CRT/RRT (NBRC) FULL REVIEW EXAM CURRENTLY TESTING
QUESTIONS WITH WELL DETAILED ANSWERS
Disinfection - Destroying vegetative pathogenic microorganisms
Sterilization - complete destruction of all microorganisms
Vegetative organism - growing organism
Pathogenic organism - disease producing microorganism
Pasteurization - Disinfection process, kills vegetative organisms
Heart Sound S₁ - -closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular
contraction
Heart Sound S₂ - -closure of pulmonic and aortic valves
-occurs when systole ends; ventricles relax
Heart Sound S₃ - -abnormal and may suggest CHF
Heart Sound S₄ - -abnormal and indicative of cardiac abnormality such as myocardial
infarction or cardiomegaly
Heart murmurs - -sounds caused by turbulent blood flow
-heart valve defects or congenital heart abnormalities
-can occur when blood is pushed through an abnormal opening (ASD, PDA)
Bruits - -sounds made in an artery or vein when blood flow becomes turbulent or flows at
an abnormal speed.
,-usually heard via stethoscope over the identified vessel (carotid artery)
Blood pressure - -systolic and diastolic pressures
-sphygmomanometer to measure cuff pressures
-↑BP = cardiac stress = hypoxemia
-↓BP = poor perfusion = hypovolemia, CHF
Costophrenic Angle - -angle made by the outer curve of the diaphragm and the chest wall
-obliterated by pleural effusions and pneumonia
Diaphragm - -dome shaped normally
-flattened with COPD
-hemidiaphragms may shift downward with pneumothorax
-right hemidiaphragm is level of 6th anterior rib and slightly higher than the left
-right lung: 55% and appear larger than left lung
Lateral decubitus CXR - -patient lying on affected side
-detecting small pleural effusions
End expiratory film - -taken when patient is at end-exhalation
-detecting small pneumothorax/foreign body aspiration (FBA)
Resonant
Normal air-filled lungs
Flat
Heard over the sternum or areas of atelectasis
,Dull
Heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver, pleural effusion or pneumonia will
cause thudding sound
Tympanic
Heard over air-filled stomach, drum-like sound indicates increased volume when heard
over lungs (pneumothorax or emphysema)
Hyperresonant
Booming sound over an area of the lung where where either a pneumo or emphysema is
present
Unilateral
One sided; typically a pneumo rather than emphysema
Bilateral
Both sides; typically emphysema rather than a pneumo
Normal diaphragmatic excursion
3-5 cm
, Normal breath sounds
Vesicular
Bronchial breath sounds
Normal over the trachea or bronchi but over lung periphery it indicates lung consolidation
Egophony
Patient instructed to say E and it sounds like A, this indicates consolidation of the lung
tissue as with pneumonia-like condition
Abnormal breath sounds
Adventitious
Crackles (rales) indicate
Secretions or fluid
Coarse crackles
Rhonchi that clear with a cough, found in the upper airway,
Recommend suction or instruct patient to cough
QUESTIONS WITH WELL DETAILED ANSWERS
Disinfection - Destroying vegetative pathogenic microorganisms
Sterilization - complete destruction of all microorganisms
Vegetative organism - growing organism
Pathogenic organism - disease producing microorganism
Pasteurization - Disinfection process, kills vegetative organisms
Heart Sound S₁ - -closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular
contraction
Heart Sound S₂ - -closure of pulmonic and aortic valves
-occurs when systole ends; ventricles relax
Heart Sound S₃ - -abnormal and may suggest CHF
Heart Sound S₄ - -abnormal and indicative of cardiac abnormality such as myocardial
infarction or cardiomegaly
Heart murmurs - -sounds caused by turbulent blood flow
-heart valve defects or congenital heart abnormalities
-can occur when blood is pushed through an abnormal opening (ASD, PDA)
Bruits - -sounds made in an artery or vein when blood flow becomes turbulent or flows at
an abnormal speed.
,-usually heard via stethoscope over the identified vessel (carotid artery)
Blood pressure - -systolic and diastolic pressures
-sphygmomanometer to measure cuff pressures
-↑BP = cardiac stress = hypoxemia
-↓BP = poor perfusion = hypovolemia, CHF
Costophrenic Angle - -angle made by the outer curve of the diaphragm and the chest wall
-obliterated by pleural effusions and pneumonia
Diaphragm - -dome shaped normally
-flattened with COPD
-hemidiaphragms may shift downward with pneumothorax
-right hemidiaphragm is level of 6th anterior rib and slightly higher than the left
-right lung: 55% and appear larger than left lung
Lateral decubitus CXR - -patient lying on affected side
-detecting small pleural effusions
End expiratory film - -taken when patient is at end-exhalation
-detecting small pneumothorax/foreign body aspiration (FBA)
Resonant
Normal air-filled lungs
Flat
Heard over the sternum or areas of atelectasis
,Dull
Heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver, pleural effusion or pneumonia will
cause thudding sound
Tympanic
Heard over air-filled stomach, drum-like sound indicates increased volume when heard
over lungs (pneumothorax or emphysema)
Hyperresonant
Booming sound over an area of the lung where where either a pneumo or emphysema is
present
Unilateral
One sided; typically a pneumo rather than emphysema
Bilateral
Both sides; typically emphysema rather than a pneumo
Normal diaphragmatic excursion
3-5 cm
, Normal breath sounds
Vesicular
Bronchial breath sounds
Normal over the trachea or bronchi but over lung periphery it indicates lung consolidation
Egophony
Patient instructed to say E and it sounds like A, this indicates consolidation of the lung
tissue as with pneumonia-like condition
Abnormal breath sounds
Adventitious
Crackles (rales) indicate
Secretions or fluid
Coarse crackles
Rhonchi that clear with a cough, found in the upper airway,
Recommend suction or instruct patient to cough
