ETHICS PHIL 1030 FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
Mackie 3: What is Hume's Law about? What does it do? - ANSWER - About how one
thinks about morality
- Divides moral facts and everything else
Mackie 3: What up with Hume's law and "ought" and "is"? - ANSWER - Cannot derive an
"ought" from an "is"
- you cannot coherently move from what something "is" to what it "ought" to be
Mackie 3: How does Mackie define Hume's Law? - ANSWER "a reason should be given,
for what seems altogether inconceivable, how this new relation can be a deduction from
others which are entirely different from it"
Mackie 3: What determines what someone ought to do when playing a game? - ANSWER
- rules of the game
- position of the pieces
- acknowledgment of what the opponent may do
- goal of winning
Mackie 3: What constitutes someone's reason for doing something? - ANSWER -
Combination of "ought"/causal relations and one's desires
Mackie 3: wtf is a causal relation - ANSWER someone lmk
Mackie 3: What game does Mackie use as an example to explain ought and is? -
ANSWER CHESS !!!!
Mackie 3: What does it mean to describe an institution from the OUTSIDE? - ANSWER -
,Involves describing the rules of the institution without accepting or endorsing those
rules
Mackie 3: What does it mean to speak within an institution? - ANSWER - employ/embody
its ideas
- enforce its rules and principles
- Keep promises that perpetuate norms of the institution
- norms are created based off of what people within the institution want/ desire
Mackie 3: what does ought mean? - ANSWER - if you ought to do something you are only
half bound to do it (weaker than if you were bound to do something)
Mackie 3: What plays a role when you ought to do something? - ANSWER - external
circumstances
- desires
- institutions
- Rules
Mackie 3: example of when you ought to do something - ANSWER - Study
- you ought to study because you desire to get a good grade from studying
Mackie 3: do you have to be part of an institution to follow the rules? - ANSWER YEEE
Mackie 3: Inside Vs. Outside the Institution - ANSWER OUTSIDE
- can describe the institution, its rules, what one ought to do within institution
- aren't actually doing the thangs
INSIDE
- First person perspective of the institution
, - internalized/ accepted the rules
Mackie 3: Can you go back and forth between speaking inside and outside an
institution? - ANSWER YES MA'AM
Mackie 4: What are the stages of universalization about? Describe FIRST stage of
universalization - ANSWER Definition:
- Stages of Universalization are about making moral judgements. They are used for
passing/making moral judgements. Should pass all the stages to be universally moral.
First Stage:
- evaluates if its permissible in general
- not mentioning persons, their relations, or their situations when making moral
judgements
- cannot incorporate "general descriptions"
Mackie 4: Second Stage of Universalization - ANSWER - evaluates if the rule applies to
everyone equally
- examines "maxims"
- applied to everyone regardless of situation, resources, qualities, or social status
changes
Mackie 4: Third Stage of Universalization - ANSWER - involves putting oneself into other
people's place
- an attempt to understand peoples wants, needs, and desires specific to their
experience
- if your idea of how something "ought" to be goes against someone else's beliefs, then it
will not pass the third stage of universalization
Mackie 4: how are the second and third stage different? - ANSWER - THEY ARE MAD
SIMILAR
- both account for other people's situations
Mackie 3: What is Hume's Law about? What does it do? - ANSWER - About how one
thinks about morality
- Divides moral facts and everything else
Mackie 3: What up with Hume's law and "ought" and "is"? - ANSWER - Cannot derive an
"ought" from an "is"
- you cannot coherently move from what something "is" to what it "ought" to be
Mackie 3: How does Mackie define Hume's Law? - ANSWER "a reason should be given,
for what seems altogether inconceivable, how this new relation can be a deduction from
others which are entirely different from it"
Mackie 3: What determines what someone ought to do when playing a game? - ANSWER
- rules of the game
- position of the pieces
- acknowledgment of what the opponent may do
- goal of winning
Mackie 3: What constitutes someone's reason for doing something? - ANSWER -
Combination of "ought"/causal relations and one's desires
Mackie 3: wtf is a causal relation - ANSWER someone lmk
Mackie 3: What game does Mackie use as an example to explain ought and is? -
ANSWER CHESS !!!!
Mackie 3: What does it mean to describe an institution from the OUTSIDE? - ANSWER -
,Involves describing the rules of the institution without accepting or endorsing those
rules
Mackie 3: What does it mean to speak within an institution? - ANSWER - employ/embody
its ideas
- enforce its rules and principles
- Keep promises that perpetuate norms of the institution
- norms are created based off of what people within the institution want/ desire
Mackie 3: what does ought mean? - ANSWER - if you ought to do something you are only
half bound to do it (weaker than if you were bound to do something)
Mackie 3: What plays a role when you ought to do something? - ANSWER - external
circumstances
- desires
- institutions
- Rules
Mackie 3: example of when you ought to do something - ANSWER - Study
- you ought to study because you desire to get a good grade from studying
Mackie 3: do you have to be part of an institution to follow the rules? - ANSWER YEEE
Mackie 3: Inside Vs. Outside the Institution - ANSWER OUTSIDE
- can describe the institution, its rules, what one ought to do within institution
- aren't actually doing the thangs
INSIDE
- First person perspective of the institution
, - internalized/ accepted the rules
Mackie 3: Can you go back and forth between speaking inside and outside an
institution? - ANSWER YES MA'AM
Mackie 4: What are the stages of universalization about? Describe FIRST stage of
universalization - ANSWER Definition:
- Stages of Universalization are about making moral judgements. They are used for
passing/making moral judgements. Should pass all the stages to be universally moral.
First Stage:
- evaluates if its permissible in general
- not mentioning persons, their relations, or their situations when making moral
judgements
- cannot incorporate "general descriptions"
Mackie 4: Second Stage of Universalization - ANSWER - evaluates if the rule applies to
everyone equally
- examines "maxims"
- applied to everyone regardless of situation, resources, qualities, or social status
changes
Mackie 4: Third Stage of Universalization - ANSWER - involves putting oneself into other
people's place
- an attempt to understand peoples wants, needs, and desires specific to their
experience
- if your idea of how something "ought" to be goes against someone else's beliefs, then it
will not pass the third stage of universalization
Mackie 4: how are the second and third stage different? - ANSWER - THEY ARE MAD
SIMILAR
- both account for other people's situations
