Biology 111 Midterm Review Actual Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 100% 2025

Whats the scientific method steps? - Correct Ans-1. Observe something 2. Ask a question 3. do a background research 4. construct a hypothesis 5. Test your hypothesis by doing an expierement 6. analyze your data and draw a conclusion 7. Report your results Whats a hypothesis? - Correct Ans-A proposed mechanism for any observation Whats a prediction? - Correct Ans-Has some mention of the dependent variable(s) and is more specific than a hypothesis Whats an independent variable? - Correct Ans-What you change Whats a dependent variable? - Correct Ans-the response variable Whats control? - Correct Ans-The benchmark, what you compare the others to Whats replication? - Correct Ans-They ensure that results are due to an independent and not random chance Whats the cell theory? - Correct Ans-That all organisms are made up of cells, all cells arise from pre existing cells What are the 4 universal components of cells - Correct Ans-Cell membrane, nucleic acids, ribosomes, and enzymes What is a cell membrane - Correct Ans-semi permeable, keeps enviornment out What do nucleic acids do - Correct Ans-carry information in the cell (DNA, RNA) What do enzymes do - Correct Ans-they are protein catalysts used to increase the rate of biological reactions What do ribosomes do - Correct Ans-make proteins needed for cellular function What are the three domains of life - Correct Ans-Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - Correct Ans-Prokaryotic cells are smaller and unicellular while eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles with a nucleus Whats the taxonomic ranking - Correct Ans-Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Whats an autotroph - Correct Ans-An organism that makes its own food (plants) Whats a heterotroph - Correct Ans-does not make its own food. Eats to acquire energy (animals) Whats a mixotroph - Correct Ans-can make its own food but also eats to acquire energy (venus fly trap) What are the organization mentods of cells - Correct Ans-Unicellular (one cell), multicellular (specialized cells), colonial organisms (in colony but can survive if seperated) Whats the cellular respiration equation - Correct Ans-glucose + oxygen -- carbon dioxide, water, energy Whats respiration rate? - Correct Ans-The rate of oxygen consumption Whats metabolic rate? - Correct Ans-The rate of energy use by all the cells of an individual What's an ectotherm? - Correct Ans-An animal that gets its body heat from external sources as opposed to metabolic processes (ecto=outside). Whats an endotherm? - Correct Ans-(endo-inside) An animal that gets its body heat from internal metabolic processes (cellular respiration) Whats a homotherm? - Correct Ans-An animal that has a constant body temp (most homeotherms are endotherms) Whats a heterotherm? - Correct Ans-AN animal whose body temp varies with the environments temperature (most heterotherms are ectotherms) What are terms to describe thermoregulation strategy? - Correct Ans-Endotherm and ectotherm What are terms to describe patterns in body temperature? - Correct Ans-heterotherm and homeotherm Whats a start codon - Correct Ans-the initiator sequence for a gene whats an exon - Correct Ans-parts of a gene that turn into a protein whats an intron - Correct Ans-Parts of a gene that get cut out before translation Whats a transposon - Correct Ans-A type of DNA sequence that can make copies of itself and move to different spots of the genome What happens if a transposon moves into the exon - Correct Ans-The phenotype changes What happens if a transposon moves into the intron - Correct Ans-no phenotype changes (gets cut out) What's the first step of the polymerase chain reactio