BCHM 451 Glycolysis Latest Detailed Exam Updated 2025

What is the committed step of glycolysis? - Correct Answer-formation of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (F16BP) What are the net end products of glycolysis? - Correct Answer-2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH What are the structures of the preparatory phase of glycolysis? (5 structures) - Correct Answer-Glucose Glucose 6 Phosphate Fructose 6 Phosphate Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Hexokinase - Correct Answer-The enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of glycolysis. This is one of the ain regulatory steps of this pathway. Hexokinase is feedback-inhibited by glucose-6-P. phosphohexose isomerase - Correct Answer-glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate Phosphofructokinase - Correct Answer-The enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to form fructose-1-6-bisphosphate in the third step of glycolysis. This is the main regulatory step of glycolysis. PFK is feedback-inhibited by ATP. Aldolase - Correct Answer-cleaves fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate What cofactor is needed for hexokinase and phosphohexose isomerase? - Correct Answer-Mg2+ triose phosphate isomerase - Correct Answer-dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate What is dehydrogenase? - Correct Answer-an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen atoms from a particular molecule What is a mutase? - Correct Answer-an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one position to another on the molecule What are the structures of the payoff phase of glycolysis? (in order) - Correct Answer-GAP 1,3-bipshosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase - Correct Answer-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate Produces 2 NADH phosphoglycerate kinase - Correct Answer-1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate Produces 2 ATP Needs Magnesium phosphoglycerate mutase - Correct Answer-3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate What is the function of enolase? - Correct Answer-Converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate Produces 2 h2O pyruvate kinase - Correct Answer-phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate Produces 2 ATP What is the overall glycolysis reaction? - Correct Answer-glucose+ 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2pi -----2pyruvate+ 2NADH+ 2ATP+ 2H20+ 4H+ What is the consequence of phosphorylating glucose to glucose-6-phosphate? - Correct Answer-traps glucose inside cell Hexokinase is dependent on - Correct Answer-ATP and Magnesium In hexokinase reactions, magnesium functions to stabilize ____________. - Correct Answer-Phosphates What is the function of phosphohexose isomerase? - Correct Answer-Converts G6P (aldose) to F6P (ketose) by moving H form C2 to C1 -rearrangement is important in step 4 of glycolysis when F16BP is converted to 2 3-carbon molecules What is the role of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1)? - Correct Answer-adds phosphate group from ATP to F6P to make F16BP -committed step What type of reaction does enolase catalyze? - Correct Answer-dehydration reaction (2phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate) What type of reactions in glycolysis are common points of regulation? (flux-control points) - Correct Answer-reactions far from equilibrium (1st, 3rd, and last step ) (Hexokinase, PFK1, and Pyruvate kinase) Where does gluconeogenesis occur? - Correct Answer-liver What are the differences between hexokinase I-III and hexokinase IV? - Correct Answer-Hexokinases I,II, and III all have a high affinity (low Km) for glucose and are inhibited by G6P