NUR 214 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025

Normal pH range? - Correct Ans-7.35-7.45 Normal pCO2 range? - Correct Ans-35-45 mmHg Normal HCO3 range? - Correct Ans-22-26 Low pH is considered acidosis or alkalosis? - Correct Ans-Acidosis High pH is considered acidosis or alkalosis? - Correct Ans-Alkalosis Low pCO2 is considered acidosis or alkalosis? - Correct Ans-Alkalosis High pCO2 is considered acidosis or alkalosis? - Correct Ans-Acidosis Low HCO3 is considered acidosis or alkalosis? - Correct Ans-Acidosis High HCO3 is considered acidosis or alkalosis? - Correct Ans-Alkalosis Physiological difference in a child vs adult related to oxygenation: - Correct Ans-Children have: 1. Immature immune system 2. Short, smaller airways (they can become obstructed with mucus or edema, may need to be suctioned) 3. A short respiratory tract that allows infection to travel quickly to lower airways 4. Larger tongue in proportion to mouth Nursing interventions that promote oxygenation (including clearing of airways and supporting gas exchange): - Correct Ans-1. Position in semi-fowlers to high fowlers 2. Children: place in position to facilitate drainage (postural drainage) 3. Increase fluid intake/breastfeeding 4. Keep babies nose clear (they breathe through nose) 5. Promote smoking cessation 6. Administer meds/oxygen 7. Provide rest periods during ADLs 8. Encourage effective coughing, or suctioning to remove secretions 9. Encourage deep breathing and use of an incentive spirometer 10. Encourage water intake (helps break mucus up) 11. Encourage pursed lip breathing What causes respiratory alkalosis? - Correct Ans-Hyperventilation: anxiety attack, fear What causes respiratory acidosis? - Correct Ans-Hypoventilation: COPD, opioids, pneumothorax, asthma What causes metabolic alkalosis? - Correct Ans-Vomiting, prolonged nasogastric suctioning What causes metabolic acidosis? - Correct Ans-Diarrhea (comes from ASS), kidney failure, DKA What do you want patients with respiratory alkalosis to do? - Correct Ans-Decrease respiratory rate to retain carbon dioxide. Patient is breathing too fast expelling too much CO2. Try having them breath into a paperbag. What do you want patients with respiratory acidosis to do? - Correct Ans-Increase respiratory rate, to expel carbon dioxide. They aren't breathing fast/deep enough causing CO2 to build-up in the body. Have the patient try pursed lip breathing. Primary prevention for RSV: - Correct Ans-1. Handwashing 2. Breastfeed your baby 3. Prevent exposure to secondhand smoke Primary prevention for asthma/COPD: - Correct Ans-1. Smoking cessation 2. Encourage patient to get flu, pneumococcal, and covid vaccine 3. Advise clients who work in certain environments to wear a mask Secondary prevention for RSV: - Correct Ans-Test nasopharyngeal secretions for RSV antigen Secondary prevention for asthma: - Correct Ans-Pulmonary function test (PFTs) are most accurate for diagnosing asthma and its severity. Secondary prevention for COPD: - Correct Ans-Comparisons of forced expiratory volume (FEV) to forced vital capacity (FVC) are used to classify COPD as mild to severe. Expected range is 100%. Mild COPD FEV/FVC ratio is 70%. Moderate to severe is 50% Tertiary prevention for RSV, asthma, COPD: - Correct Ans-Join support group Bronchodilator med? - Correct Ans-Albuterol inhaler Bronchodilator is used for? - Correct Ans-Keeps airways dilated through smooth muscle relaxation. Given after being diagnosed with asthma. These provide rapid relief of acute manifestations and prevent exercise-induced asthma. Opens the lungs and improves airflow. Use caution in patients with A-fib. Corticosteroid med? - Correct Ans-Fluticasone and Prednisone Corticosteroid is used for? - Correct Ans-Given to decrease airway inflammation, allowing the patient to breath easier. Monitor for decreased immunity function, wound healing, monitor for hyperglycemia, observe for fluid retention and weight gain, and monitor for throat and mouth for aphthous lesions (canker sores). Does oxygen require a doctors order? - Correct Ans-Yes Why do you give oxygen? - Correct Ans-To maintain O2 saturation levels What isolation precaution is RSV? - Correct Ans-Contact What do you want to prevent RSV from turning into? - Correct Ans-Bronchiolitis Is Bronchiolitis an emergency? - Correct Ans-Yes, requires intubation or BIPAP. The baby will start having bad breathing issues. Normal O2 level for COPD patients? - Correct Ans-88%-92% COPD patients are allowed up to how many liters of oxygen? - Correct Ans-4L How do babies breathe? - Correct Ans-Through their nose, so you want to keep it unclogged by suctioning (bulb syringe). Normal WBC count? - Correct Ans-4,500-11,000 RSV treatment? - Correct Ans-1. Keep nose suctioned 2. Provide oxygen 3. Administer steroids 4. Breastfeed (if not eating monitor diapers) What keeps alveoli opened? - Correct Ans-Surfactant Prevention of alveoli collapse? - Correct Ans-1. Incentive spirometer (at least 10 times an hour) 2. Coughing and deep breathing Who is at risk for alveoli collapse? - Correct Ans-Asthma, COPD, immobile, and post-op patients. How does air flow in the body? - Correct Ans-Down the trachea, into bronchi, then into alveoli.