NST 10 Final Exam Review 2025
Questions and Answers
Metabolic Syndrome - ANSWER✔✔-Combination of multiple risk factors for
cardiovascular disease.
Insulin Resistance - ANSWER✔✔-Impaired response to insulin, driving obesity
conditions.
Energy Balance - ANSWER✔✔-Dynamic relationship between energy intake and
expenditure.
Fitness vs Fatness - ANSWER✔✔-Debate on health impact of fitness versus body fat.
Adaptive Energy Expenditure - ANSWER✔✔-Body's adjustment of energy use during
weight changes.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - ANSWER✔✔-Calories burned at rest for basic bodily
functions.
,Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) - ANSWER✔✔-Total calories burned in a day,
including activity.
Fasting Glucose - ANSWER✔✔-Blood sugar level after fasting, ≥ 100 mg/dL indicates
risk.
Waist Circumference - ANSWER✔✔-Measurement indicating abdominal fat, > 102 cm
men, > 88 cm women.
Serum Triglycerides - ANSWER✔✔-Fat in blood; risk if ≥ 150 mg/dL.
HDL Cholesterol - ANSWER✔✔-Good cholesterol; low levels increase cardiovascular
risk.
Blood Pressure - ANSWER✔✔-Pressure in arteries; risk if ≥ 130/85 mmHg.
Visceral Fat - ANSWER✔✔-Fat stored around organs, more lipolytic than subcutaneous
fat.
Lipoatrophy - ANSWER✔✔-Absence of subcutaneous fat, complicating fat storage.
Metastatic Fat Syndrome - ANSWER✔✔-Fat spilling into non-adipose tissues causing
health issues.
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 - ANSWER✔✔-Chronic condition linked to obesity and
insulin resistance.
Dyslipidemia - ANSWER✔✔-Abnormal lipid levels in blood, associated with obesity.
, Cardiovascular Disease - ANSWER✔✔-Heart-related conditions exacerbated by obesity.
Incretin Effect - ANSWER✔✔-Increased insulin secretion following meal intake.
Cognitive Dysfunction - ANSWER✔✔-Impaired brain function linked to obesity and
metabolic issues.
Sleep Apnea - ANSWER✔✔-Breathing disturbances during sleep, common in obese
individuals.
Incretin - ANSWER✔✔-Hormone stimulating insulin secretion from intestines.
GLP-1 - ANSWER✔✔-Glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin hormone.
Insulin - ANSWER✔✔-Hormone regulating glucose metabolism in the body.
Secretin - ANSWER✔✔-First known hormone from the small intestine.
Intestinal secretions - ANSWER✔✔-Substances injected to lower blood glucose levels.
Type 2 diabetes - ANSWER✔✔-Condition where insulin is less effective.
Appetite reduction - ANSWER✔✔-Decreased desire to eat, mediated by GLP-1.
Alcohol preference - ANSWER✔✔-GLP-1 reduces preference for alcohol in studies.
Cocaine and nicotine - ANSWER✔✔-GLP-1 shows similar effects on substance
preferences.
Questions and Answers
Metabolic Syndrome - ANSWER✔✔-Combination of multiple risk factors for
cardiovascular disease.
Insulin Resistance - ANSWER✔✔-Impaired response to insulin, driving obesity
conditions.
Energy Balance - ANSWER✔✔-Dynamic relationship between energy intake and
expenditure.
Fitness vs Fatness - ANSWER✔✔-Debate on health impact of fitness versus body fat.
Adaptive Energy Expenditure - ANSWER✔✔-Body's adjustment of energy use during
weight changes.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - ANSWER✔✔-Calories burned at rest for basic bodily
functions.
,Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) - ANSWER✔✔-Total calories burned in a day,
including activity.
Fasting Glucose - ANSWER✔✔-Blood sugar level after fasting, ≥ 100 mg/dL indicates
risk.
Waist Circumference - ANSWER✔✔-Measurement indicating abdominal fat, > 102 cm
men, > 88 cm women.
Serum Triglycerides - ANSWER✔✔-Fat in blood; risk if ≥ 150 mg/dL.
HDL Cholesterol - ANSWER✔✔-Good cholesterol; low levels increase cardiovascular
risk.
Blood Pressure - ANSWER✔✔-Pressure in arteries; risk if ≥ 130/85 mmHg.
Visceral Fat - ANSWER✔✔-Fat stored around organs, more lipolytic than subcutaneous
fat.
Lipoatrophy - ANSWER✔✔-Absence of subcutaneous fat, complicating fat storage.
Metastatic Fat Syndrome - ANSWER✔✔-Fat spilling into non-adipose tissues causing
health issues.
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 - ANSWER✔✔-Chronic condition linked to obesity and
insulin resistance.
Dyslipidemia - ANSWER✔✔-Abnormal lipid levels in blood, associated with obesity.
, Cardiovascular Disease - ANSWER✔✔-Heart-related conditions exacerbated by obesity.
Incretin Effect - ANSWER✔✔-Increased insulin secretion following meal intake.
Cognitive Dysfunction - ANSWER✔✔-Impaired brain function linked to obesity and
metabolic issues.
Sleep Apnea - ANSWER✔✔-Breathing disturbances during sleep, common in obese
individuals.
Incretin - ANSWER✔✔-Hormone stimulating insulin secretion from intestines.
GLP-1 - ANSWER✔✔-Glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin hormone.
Insulin - ANSWER✔✔-Hormone regulating glucose metabolism in the body.
Secretin - ANSWER✔✔-First known hormone from the small intestine.
Intestinal secretions - ANSWER✔✔-Substances injected to lower blood glucose levels.
Type 2 diabetes - ANSWER✔✔-Condition where insulin is less effective.
Appetite reduction - ANSWER✔✔-Decreased desire to eat, mediated by GLP-1.
Alcohol preference - ANSWER✔✔-GLP-1 reduces preference for alcohol in studies.
Cocaine and nicotine - ANSWER✔✔-GLP-1 shows similar effects on substance
preferences.
