MGCCC NURSING 2 CARDIAC & OXYGENATION EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS| GURANTEE PASS!! |
100% ACCURATE
1.What is Cardiac Output (CO)? - ANSWER The hearts ability to pump blood
systemically is measured by the Cardiac Output (CO)
2. What is formula for Cardiac Output (CO)? - ANSWER CO= Stroke Volume (SV) x
Heart Rate (HR)
L/min= mL/beat x beats/min (bpm)
3.What is normal Cardiac Output (CO)? - ANSWER Normal= 4-7L/min
4. The total volume of blood in the circulatory system at one time is? - ANSWER
approximately 5 Liters
5.What is Preload? - ANSWER The degree of myocardial fiber stretch at the end of
diastole and just before contraction. The stretch imposed on the muscle fibers
results from the volume contained within the ventricle at the end of diastole. An
increase in ventricular volume increases muscle-fiber length and tension, thereby
enhancing contraction and improving stroke volume.
6. What is Afterload? - ANSWER The pressure or resistance that the ventricles
must overcome to eject blood through the semilunar valves and into the
peripheral blood vessels. The amount of resistance is directly related to arterial
blood pressure and the diameter of the blood vessels.
,7. What is myocardial contractility? - ANSWER The force of cardiac contraction
independent of preload.
8. What is Automaticity? - ANSWER Cardiac cells (pacer cells) generate and
conduct electrical impulses.
9. What is Excitability? - ANSWER Ability of non-pacer cells to respond to an
electrical stimulus from pacer cell and depolarize.
10. What is Conductivity? - ANSWER Ability to send an electrical stimulus from cell
membrane to cell membrane.
11. What is Contractility? - ANSWER Ability of the muscle cells to contract
12. What is a Dysrhythmia? - ANSWER A disturbance in the heart's electrical
system Disorders of formation or conduction (or both) of electrical impulses
within heart.
13. Dysrhythmias can cause disturbances of..... - ANSWER Rate
Rhythm
Both rate, rhythm
Potentially can alter blood flow, cause hemodynamic changes
14. How are dysrhythmias diagnosed? - ANSWER By analysis of electrographic
(ECG) waveform.
, 15. What are the 5 MAJOR TYPES OF DYSRHYTHMIAS? - ANSWER Sinus Node
Atrial
Junctional
Ventricular
Conduction Abnormalities
16. List a systematic approach to EKG interpretation. - ANSWER Step 1: Heart Rate
Step 2: Heart Rhythm
Step 3: P-Wave
Step 4: PRI (P-R Interval)
Step 5: QRS Complex
17. Where does the impulse for Sinus Bradycardia originate? - ANSWER In the
sinus node (SA node) but at a slower rate -less than 60.
18. List some causes of sinus bradycardia. - ANSWER Vagal stimulation (PSNS-N/V,
pain, suctioning), Ischemia to SA node, athlete, hypothyroidism, medications (CCB,
B-blockers), sleep, elevated ICP, MI, hypothermia
19. Nursing Interventions for Sinus Bradycardia: - ANSWER Monitor CO (define),
Remove the cause, 0.5 mg Atropine IVP bolus q 3-5 minutes to a max of 3mg; Prep
for transcutaneous pacing if symptomatic.
20. What are the H's and T's of sinus bradycardia? - ANSWER hypovolemia,
hypoxia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypokalemia or hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia,
and hypothermia
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS| GURANTEE PASS!! |
100% ACCURATE
1.What is Cardiac Output (CO)? - ANSWER The hearts ability to pump blood
systemically is measured by the Cardiac Output (CO)
2. What is formula for Cardiac Output (CO)? - ANSWER CO= Stroke Volume (SV) x
Heart Rate (HR)
L/min= mL/beat x beats/min (bpm)
3.What is normal Cardiac Output (CO)? - ANSWER Normal= 4-7L/min
4. The total volume of blood in the circulatory system at one time is? - ANSWER
approximately 5 Liters
5.What is Preload? - ANSWER The degree of myocardial fiber stretch at the end of
diastole and just before contraction. The stretch imposed on the muscle fibers
results from the volume contained within the ventricle at the end of diastole. An
increase in ventricular volume increases muscle-fiber length and tension, thereby
enhancing contraction and improving stroke volume.
6. What is Afterload? - ANSWER The pressure or resistance that the ventricles
must overcome to eject blood through the semilunar valves and into the
peripheral blood vessels. The amount of resistance is directly related to arterial
blood pressure and the diameter of the blood vessels.
,7. What is myocardial contractility? - ANSWER The force of cardiac contraction
independent of preload.
8. What is Automaticity? - ANSWER Cardiac cells (pacer cells) generate and
conduct electrical impulses.
9. What is Excitability? - ANSWER Ability of non-pacer cells to respond to an
electrical stimulus from pacer cell and depolarize.
10. What is Conductivity? - ANSWER Ability to send an electrical stimulus from cell
membrane to cell membrane.
11. What is Contractility? - ANSWER Ability of the muscle cells to contract
12. What is a Dysrhythmia? - ANSWER A disturbance in the heart's electrical
system Disorders of formation or conduction (or both) of electrical impulses
within heart.
13. Dysrhythmias can cause disturbances of..... - ANSWER Rate
Rhythm
Both rate, rhythm
Potentially can alter blood flow, cause hemodynamic changes
14. How are dysrhythmias diagnosed? - ANSWER By analysis of electrographic
(ECG) waveform.
, 15. What are the 5 MAJOR TYPES OF DYSRHYTHMIAS? - ANSWER Sinus Node
Atrial
Junctional
Ventricular
Conduction Abnormalities
16. List a systematic approach to EKG interpretation. - ANSWER Step 1: Heart Rate
Step 2: Heart Rhythm
Step 3: P-Wave
Step 4: PRI (P-R Interval)
Step 5: QRS Complex
17. Where does the impulse for Sinus Bradycardia originate? - ANSWER In the
sinus node (SA node) but at a slower rate -less than 60.
18. List some causes of sinus bradycardia. - ANSWER Vagal stimulation (PSNS-N/V,
pain, suctioning), Ischemia to SA node, athlete, hypothyroidism, medications (CCB,
B-blockers), sleep, elevated ICP, MI, hypothermia
19. Nursing Interventions for Sinus Bradycardia: - ANSWER Monitor CO (define),
Remove the cause, 0.5 mg Atropine IVP bolus q 3-5 minutes to a max of 3mg; Prep
for transcutaneous pacing if symptomatic.
20. What are the H's and T's of sinus bradycardia? - ANSWER hypovolemia,
hypoxia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypokalemia or hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia,
and hypothermia
