NYSTCE CST 245 Arts and Science Midterm Exam 2025

Seasonal changes - Correct Ans-moon orbits earth once per month Yearly Changes - Correct Ans-earth orbits around the moon one time per year physical change - Correct Ans-A change in a substance that does not change its identity chemical change - Correct Ans-charastics change in state or phase transformation of energy examples - Correct Ans-Chemical Energy is converted to Electrical Energy (stove), Kinetic Energy (car), Electricity (power plant), and Mechanical Energy (space shuttle). Electricity is converted to light (light bulb) and sound and light (TV). effects of common forces - Correct Ans-accelerate in body is in motion if at rest conservation of energy - Correct Ans-Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes nation-state - Correct Ans-A country who's population share a common identity. nationalism - Correct Ans-Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality Fuedalism - Correct Ans-political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals where the lords let them rent land for a price resource - Correct Ans-A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use. cultural diffusion - Correct Ans-The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another Ecology - Correct Ans-The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment Six Elements of Geography - Correct Ans-1. The World in Spatial Terms 2. Places and Regions 3. Physical Systems 4. Human Systems 5. Environment and Society 6. The Uses of Geography Scarcity - Correct Ans-Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants oppertunity cost - Correct Ans-cost of the loss of the next most desireable good or service that could have been produced with a recource Checks and Balances - Correct Ans-A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power democratic - Correct Ans-ruled by the people. In a democracy, citizens elect representatives to make and carry out laws. Authoritarian - Correct Ans-A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power. Due Process - Correct Ans-(law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles Federalism - Correct Ans-a form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states seperation of powers - Correct Ans-dividing the powers of government among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches Declaration of Independence - Correct Ans-Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state. U.S. Constitution - Correct Ans-A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed. Major Civil Rights Legislation - Correct Ans-ended segregation consitution of the state of new york - Correct Ans-establishes the structure of the government of the State of New York, and enumerates the basic rights of the citizens of New York Rule of Law - Correct Ans-principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern Due Process - Correct Ans-fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement. Female Suffrage - Correct Ans-The right for women to vote. Became a popular idea in the 1900s. jim crow laws - Correct Ans-Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites Principles of Art - Correct Ans-Balance, emphasis, movement, proportion, rhythm, unity, and variety string instruments - Correct Ans-violin, viola, cello, bass percussion instruments - Correct Ans-instruments that produce a sound when struck or shaken woodwind instruments - Correct Ans-flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon brass instruments - Correct Ans-trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba Electronic Instruments - Correct Ans-produce and amplify sound through electronic means pitch (music) - Correct Ans-how high or low a note is tempo (music) - Correct Ans-refers to the speed of a musical work manual dexterity - Correct Ans-(n) good at working with hands (khéo tay)