,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
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Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a
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1. result of: hu
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
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B) improved intracellular volume regulation. hu hu hu
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. hu hu hu hu hu
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. hu hu hu hu hu
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his
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2. liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
hu of the remaining liver
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cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy hu
C) compensatory hyperplasia hu
D) physiologic hypertrophy hu
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is
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partially cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The
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3. prolonged cell hypoxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
hu hu in the brain. hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) caspase activation hu
B) coagulation necrosis hu
C) rapid phagocytosis hu
D) protein p53 deficiency hu hu
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
hu , which is unique from the
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4. intracellular damage caused by other injurious agents.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump hu hu hu hu
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes hu hu hu
C) replicating and producing continued injury hu hu hu hu
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function hu hu hu hu
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing
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5. hypoxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
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A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. hu hu hu hu hu
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. hu hu hu hu hu
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. hu hu hu hu
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
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A) increased fat load. hu hu
,B) altered permeability. hu
C) altered glucose utilization.
hu hu
D) increased surface receptors. hu hu
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
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A) stimulus overload. hu
B) genetic mutations. hu
C) chemical messengers. hu
D) mitochondrial DNA. hu
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) increased cell protein synthesis. hu hu hu
B) altered cell volume regulation.
hu hu hu
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
hu hu hu hu hu
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
steps on a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
9. necrotic. The necrotic cell death is characterized by:
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) rapid apoptosis. hu
B) cellular rupture. hu
C) shrinkage and collapse. hu hu
D) chronic inflammation. hu
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
10. A group of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) changes with genetic influences. hu hu hu
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. hu hu hu hu
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. hu hu
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
hu hu hu hu
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
Which of the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
11. muscle function hu
that underlies her reduced mobility?
hu hu hu hu
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
hu hu hu hu hu hu
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
, A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
12. samples for evidence of: hu hu hu
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
hu hu hu hu hu
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. hu hu hu hu
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
13. calcification?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia hu hu
B) Liver cirrhosis hu
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism hu hu
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
14. primary rationale for the technicians precautions?
hu hu hu hu hu
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
15. lead. Which of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) White blood cell levels with differential
hu hu hu hu hu
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
hu hu hu hu hu
C) Urea and creatinine levels
hu hu hu
D) Liver function panel hu hu
A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
16. deficits
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) Free radical injury hu hu
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion hu hu hu
C) Interference with DNA synthesis hu hu hu
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis hu hu
hu hu hu hu hu hu
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
1. result of: hu
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. hu hu hu
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. hu hu hu hu hu
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. hu hu hu hu hu
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
2. liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
hu of the remaining liver
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy hu
C) compensatory hyperplasia hu
D) physiologic hypertrophy hu
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
partially cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
3. prolonged cell hypoxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
hu hu in the brain. hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) caspase activation hu
B) coagulation necrosis hu
C) rapid phagocytosis hu
D) protein p53 deficiency hu hu
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
hu , which is unique from the
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
4. intracellular damage caused by other injurious agents.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump hu hu hu hu
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes hu hu hu
C) replicating and producing continued injury hu hu hu hu
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function hu hu hu hu
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
5. hypoxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. hu hu hu hu hu
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. hu hu hu hu hu
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. hu hu hu hu
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) increased fat load. hu hu
,B) altered permeability. hu
C) altered glucose utilization.
hu hu
D) increased surface receptors. hu hu
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) stimulus overload. hu
B) genetic mutations. hu
C) chemical messengers. hu
D) mitochondrial DNA. hu
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) increased cell protein synthesis. hu hu hu
B) altered cell volume regulation.
hu hu hu
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
hu hu hu hu hu
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
steps on a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
9. necrotic. The necrotic cell death is characterized by:
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) rapid apoptosis. hu
B) cellular rupture. hu
C) shrinkage and collapse. hu hu
D) chronic inflammation. hu
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
10. A group of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) changes with genetic influences. hu hu hu
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. hu hu hu hu
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. hu hu
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
hu hu hu hu
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
Which of the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
11. muscle function hu
that underlies her reduced mobility?
hu hu hu hu
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
hu hu hu hu hu hu
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
, A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
12. samples for evidence of: hu hu hu
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
hu hu hu hu hu
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. hu hu hu hu
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
13. calcification?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia hu hu
B) Liver cirrhosis hu
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism hu hu
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
14. primary rationale for the technicians precautions?
hu hu hu hu hu
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
hu hu hu hu hu hu
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
15. lead. Which of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) White blood cell levels with differential
hu hu hu hu hu
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
hu hu hu hu hu
C) Urea and creatinine levels
hu hu hu
D) Liver function panel hu hu
A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
16. deficits
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
A) Free radical injury hu hu
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion hu hu hu
C) Interference with DNA synthesis hu hu hu
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis hu hu
