,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
oi oi oi oi oi oi
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result o
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
1. f:
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
oi oi oi oi oi oi
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. oi oi oi
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. oi oi oi oi oi
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. oi oi oi oi oi
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver. Ada
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
2. ptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
oi oi oi of the remaining liver cells. oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy oi
C) compensatory hyperplasia oi
D) physiologic hypertrophy oi
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
oi oi in the brain. oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) caspase activation oi
B) coagulation necrosis oi
C) rapid phagocytosis oi
D) protein p53 deficiency oi oi
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
4. , which is unique from the intracellular
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
damage caused by other injurious agents.
oi oi oi oi oi
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump oi oi oi oi
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes oi oi oi
C) replicating and producing continued injury oi oi oi oi
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function oi oi oi oi
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypox
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
5. ic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. oi oi oi oi oi
B) altering the immune response of the cell. oi oi oi oi oi oi
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. oi oi oi oi oi
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. oi oi oi oi
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) increased fat load. oi oi
,B) altered permeability. oi
C) altered glucose utilization. oi oi
D) increased surface receptors. oi oi
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) stimulus overload. oi
B) genetic mutations. oi
C) chemical messengers. oi
D) mitochondrial DNA. oi
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) increased cell protein synthesis. oi oi oi
B) altered cell volume regulation. oi oi oi
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
oi oi oi oi oi oi
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
oi oi oi oi oi
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic c
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
9. ell death is characterized by:
oi oi oi oi
A) rapid apoptosis. oi
B) cellular rupture. oi
C) shrinkage and collapse. oi oi
D) chronic inflammation. oi
A 99-year- oi
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of theori
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
es of cellular aging focus on programmed:
oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) changes with genetic influences. oi oi oi
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. oi oi oi oi
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. oi oi
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
oi oi oi oi
An 89-year- oi
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during a
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi o
3-
i
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following pheno
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
mena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
that underlies her reduced mobility?
oi oi oi oi
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
oi oi oi oi oi oi
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
, D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A 20-year-
oi
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou (
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
12. Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
of:
oi
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. oi oi oi oi oi oi
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
oi oi oi oi oi
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. oi oi oi oi
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcific
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
13. on?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia oi oi
B) Liver cirrhosis oi
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism oi oi
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology techn
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ian is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary rati
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
14. nale for the technicians precautions?
oi oi oi oi
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
oi oi oi oi oi oi
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. oi oi oi oi oi oi
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
The parents of a 4-year-
oi oi oi oi
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imp
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
15. orted toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following bloo
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
d tests should the care team prioritize?
oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) White blood cell levels with differential oi oi oi oi oi
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
oi oi oi oi oi
C) Urea and creatinine levels oi oi oi
D) Liver function panel oi oi
A 70-year-
oi
old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic strok
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
16. hat has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) Free radical injury oi oi
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion oi oi oi
oi oi oi oi oi oi
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result o
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
1. f:
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
oi oi oi oi oi oi
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. oi oi oi
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. oi oi oi oi oi
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. oi oi oi oi oi
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver. Ada
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
2. ptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
oi oi oi of the remaining liver cells. oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy oi
C) compensatory hyperplasia oi
D) physiologic hypertrophy oi
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
oi oi in the brain. oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) caspase activation oi
B) coagulation necrosis oi
C) rapid phagocytosis oi
D) protein p53 deficiency oi oi
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
4. , which is unique from the intracellular
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
damage caused by other injurious agents.
oi oi oi oi oi
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump oi oi oi oi
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes oi oi oi
C) replicating and producing continued injury oi oi oi oi
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function oi oi oi oi
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypox
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
5. ic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. oi oi oi oi oi
B) altering the immune response of the cell. oi oi oi oi oi oi
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. oi oi oi oi oi
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. oi oi oi oi
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) increased fat load. oi oi
,B) altered permeability. oi
C) altered glucose utilization. oi oi
D) increased surface receptors. oi oi
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) stimulus overload. oi
B) genetic mutations. oi
C) chemical messengers. oi
D) mitochondrial DNA. oi
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) increased cell protein synthesis. oi oi oi
B) altered cell volume regulation. oi oi oi
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
oi oi oi oi oi oi
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
oi oi oi oi oi
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic c
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
9. ell death is characterized by:
oi oi oi oi
A) rapid apoptosis. oi
B) cellular rupture. oi
C) shrinkage and collapse. oi oi
D) chronic inflammation. oi
A 99-year- oi
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of theori
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
es of cellular aging focus on programmed:
oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) changes with genetic influences. oi oi oi
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. oi oi oi oi
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. oi oi
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
oi oi oi oi
An 89-year- oi
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during a
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi o
3-
i
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following pheno
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
mena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
that underlies her reduced mobility?
oi oi oi oi
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
oi oi oi oi oi oi
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
, D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A 20-year-
oi
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou (
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
12. Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
of:
oi
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. oi oi oi oi oi oi
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
oi oi oi oi oi
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. oi oi oi oi
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcific
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
13. on?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia oi oi
B) Liver cirrhosis oi
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism oi oi
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology techn
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ian is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary rati
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
14. nale for the technicians precautions?
oi oi oi oi
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
oi oi oi oi oi oi
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. oi oi oi oi oi oi
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
The parents of a 4-year-
oi oi oi oi
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imp
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
15. orted toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following bloo
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
d tests should the care team prioritize?
oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) White blood cell levels with differential oi oi oi oi oi
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
oi oi oi oi oi
C) Urea and creatinine levels oi oi oi
D) Liver function panel oi oi
A 70-year-
oi
old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic strok
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
16. hat has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
A) Free radical injury oi oi
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion oi oi oi
