Intimate partner violence (domestic violence, spousal abuse, battering) - Answers is violence committed
by a current or former spouse, opposite-sex cohabiting partner, same-sex cohabiting partner, date or
boyfriend/girlfriend. Takes many forms and it is often repeated.
Sexual abuse-sexual violence may include: - Answers : forcing a partner to perform sexual acts, telling
the partner that she asked for sexual abuse, and rape.
Emotional and psychological abuse- - Answers : verbal abuse such as calling of names, criticizing, play
mind games, humiliating the partner, reinforcing internalized homophobia, and creating forced stress.
Economic abuse- economic control - Answers creates financial dependency. It may include: keeping the
partner from getting a job, getting the partner fire from a job, making the partner ask for money, taking
the money he or she has earned
Battered Women's movement - Answers 1. victims identified-majority of victims are women. 2.
Heightened public awareness-no longer seen as a private matter. 3. intervention strategies-shelters,
hotlines, and information centers. 4. Protection and prevention- criminal and civil laws and protective
orders. 5. Batterer's programs- Anger management classes and counseling. 6. Increased awareness of
violence against lesbian and gay partners and males-violence in dating relationships
Homelessness - Answers Poor women fleeing intimate partner violence are more susceptible. Battered
women who live in poverty are often forced to choose between abusive relationships and homelessness.
1 in 5 homeless women report domestic violence as one of the primary reasons they are homeless.
Injury and Trauma- - Answers abused women have higher levels of health care use when compared with
those with no history of abuse. 1 in 7 women and 1 in 25 men are injured due to intimate partner
violence. Women are the majority of emergency room patients who seek treatment for intentional
injuries caused by an intimate partner.
Quality of Life Issues - Answers the consequences of intimate partner violence can last a lifetime. fearful
or concerned about their safety. productivity and the earning potential of victims are affected by
intimate partner violence. 1 in 10 survivors miss work or school.
Hotlines and shelters- - Answers the first hotline for battered women was created in St Paul, MN in
1971. The first shelter for batter women started in St Paul, MN in 1974.
Violence against women - Answers she comes from every walk of life, age, race, ethnicity, and social
class. Working women, or those making more money than their partner are at a higher risk for abuse.
Higher arrest-as an unintended effect of police training. Law seeking the "primary aggressor."
African-American Women - Answers Experience intimate partner violence at a slightly higher rate
compared to white women. High rates of witnessing violence at home. Fear of perpetuating negative
, stereotypes of black men is a source of pressure to not report an abuser. Their encounters with racism
are believed to contribute to mistrust and reluctance in accessing mainstream systems.
American Indian and Alaska Native Women- - Answers experience violence at a higher rate than any
other population. 40 to 50 percent of females report victimization due to poverty, alcohol abuse, and
cultural stress.
Hispanic Women-Half of Latinas - Answers have experienced some form of intimate partner voice. 66
percent experience re-victimization. Latina women are more likely to be tolerant of intimate partner
violence because of Marianismo. Women are in charge of the dynamics of the family, and keeping them
together.
Undocumented Hispanic women- - Answers the fear of deportation inhibits some victims to report their
victimization to police. Fear of deportation for the victim and offender. Undocumented victims of
domestic abuse (or other serious crimes) are protected under the law.
The Military and Violence against Women- - Answers intimate partner violence occurs in about 1
percent of the military family population. Males were the perpetrators in about 2/3 of cases. Intimate
violence handled on two separate tracks: the military justice system and the family advocacy system.
Violence against men- - Answers men are also victimized. One study found that males are more likely to
experience emotional abuse rather than physical. Stigma of being male victim and the fear of not being
believed are the reasons men are less likely to report abuse and seek services. Some men do experience
significant injury.
Four factors leading to husband abuse- - Answers 1. ineffective communication between spouses-
there's a correlation between shared decision and husband abuse. 2. struggle over control and power in
the relationship or perception of lesser power. 3. husband abuse is evidenced as a form of social
disorganization. Higher family stress leads to family violence. 4. the decision to injure a partner is made
with the knowledge that the apprehension is slim.
Socialization factors that make it difficult for men to achieve recovery. - Answers 1. Treatment (unlikely
to get help)
2. Minimization ("Abuse is not a big deal")
3. Shame ("Should have protected myself")
4. Masculine identity (strong, macho image)
5. Male intimacy (homophile)
6. Sexual identity (maybe considered as passive)
7. Power and control dynamics (effort to control others)
8. Externalization (external feelings that lead to the victimization of others)