NUSA 207 - Exam 4 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest 2025
Alpha 1 causes - Answers - vasoconstriction
- increased peripheral resistance
- increased blood pressure
- mydriasis (pupil dilation)
- increase closure of bladder internal sphincter
Beta 1 causes - Answers - tachycardia
- increased lipolysis
- increased myocardial contractility
- increased release of renin (leading to increased BP)
Beta 2 causes - Answers - vasodilation
- bronchodilation
- increased release of glucagon
- relaxation of uterine smooth muscle
Beta 1 blockers affect - Answers heart
Beta 2 blockers affect - Answers lungs
Primary BP factors - Answers - blood volume
- peripheral resistance
- cardiac output
Blood volume - Answers fluid loss
- dehydration
fluid retention
- aldosterone
- ADH
,Peripheral resistance (diameter of arterioles) - Answers - sympathetic nervous system activity
- renin/angiotensin II
- increase in blood viscosity
Cardiac output - Answers stroke volume
- preload
- contractility
- afterload
heart rate
- sympathetic nervous system
- parasympathetic nervous system
- epinephrine
Primary hypertension - Answers - no identifiable cause
- essential hypertension
Secondary hypertension - Answers - specific cause of the HTN can be identified
- Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, renal disease
Chronic hypertension - Answers - causes the heart to work harder to pump blood to organs and tissues
- can lead to kidney damage, stroke, heart attack
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor - Answers captopril
Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) - Answers losartan
Calcium channel blocker - Answers nifedipine
Beta adrenergic blocker (beta blocker) - Answers atenolol
Captopril use - Answers - HTN
- heart failure
- myocardial infarction (MI)
- diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy
, Captopril complications - Answers - first-dose orthostatic hypotension
- increased hypotensive effect with other BP meds
- begin with low dose
- monitor BP for 2 hrs after initial treatment
- d/c diuretics 2-3 days prior to first dose
- hyperkalemia
- dysgeusia (altered taste)
- angioedema (swelling of mouth and tongue)
- neutropenia (monitor WBC)
- cough
Captopril contraindications - Answers - allergy
- pregnancy risk D during 2nd and 3rd trimesters
- caution with kidney impairment
Captopril drug interactions - Answers - diuretics
- antihypertensive meds
- potassium supplements
- lithium
- NSAIDs
Captopril education - Answers - stop diuretics 2 - 3 days before taking med
- notify HCP of cough, dizziness, infection
- change positions slowly
- give PO
- take 1 hr before meals
- avoid salt subs (usually high in potassium)
Losartan action - Answers - block the action of angiotensin II in the body
Alpha 1 causes - Answers - vasoconstriction
- increased peripheral resistance
- increased blood pressure
- mydriasis (pupil dilation)
- increase closure of bladder internal sphincter
Beta 1 causes - Answers - tachycardia
- increased lipolysis
- increased myocardial contractility
- increased release of renin (leading to increased BP)
Beta 2 causes - Answers - vasodilation
- bronchodilation
- increased release of glucagon
- relaxation of uterine smooth muscle
Beta 1 blockers affect - Answers heart
Beta 2 blockers affect - Answers lungs
Primary BP factors - Answers - blood volume
- peripheral resistance
- cardiac output
Blood volume - Answers fluid loss
- dehydration
fluid retention
- aldosterone
- ADH
,Peripheral resistance (diameter of arterioles) - Answers - sympathetic nervous system activity
- renin/angiotensin II
- increase in blood viscosity
Cardiac output - Answers stroke volume
- preload
- contractility
- afterload
heart rate
- sympathetic nervous system
- parasympathetic nervous system
- epinephrine
Primary hypertension - Answers - no identifiable cause
- essential hypertension
Secondary hypertension - Answers - specific cause of the HTN can be identified
- Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, renal disease
Chronic hypertension - Answers - causes the heart to work harder to pump blood to organs and tissues
- can lead to kidney damage, stroke, heart attack
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor - Answers captopril
Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) - Answers losartan
Calcium channel blocker - Answers nifedipine
Beta adrenergic blocker (beta blocker) - Answers atenolol
Captopril use - Answers - HTN
- heart failure
- myocardial infarction (MI)
- diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy
, Captopril complications - Answers - first-dose orthostatic hypotension
- increased hypotensive effect with other BP meds
- begin with low dose
- monitor BP for 2 hrs after initial treatment
- d/c diuretics 2-3 days prior to first dose
- hyperkalemia
- dysgeusia (altered taste)
- angioedema (swelling of mouth and tongue)
- neutropenia (monitor WBC)
- cough
Captopril contraindications - Answers - allergy
- pregnancy risk D during 2nd and 3rd trimesters
- caution with kidney impairment
Captopril drug interactions - Answers - diuretics
- antihypertensive meds
- potassium supplements
- lithium
- NSAIDs
Captopril education - Answers - stop diuretics 2 - 3 days before taking med
- notify HCP of cough, dizziness, infection
- change positions slowly
- give PO
- take 1 hr before meals
- avoid salt subs (usually high in potassium)
Losartan action - Answers - block the action of angiotensin II in the body
