NUSA 401 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED GRADED A+
normal lung sounds - Answers bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular
How may lobes does the right lung have? - Answers 3 (superior, middle, inferior) AND IS SHORTER THAN
LEFT BC OF UNDERLYING LIVER
How many lobes does the left lung have? - Answers 2 lobes AND IS NARROWER THAN RIGHT BECAUSE
OF THE HEART
parietal pleura - Answers acts as a vacuum to hold lungs tightly against chest wall
Bronchial lung sounds - Answers high pitch, loud, blowing of hollow, heard over trachea
Bronchovesicular lung sounds - Answers medium-pitched blowing sounds heard over the major bronchi
vesicular lung sounds - Answers low pitch, soft amplitude, rustling sound, heard over healthy lung tissue
How to auscultate the lungs - Answers -have pt deep breath in and out through mouth
-6 pt on ant., 8 pt on post
-place stetho. firmly against thorax
subjective respiratory data - Answers dyspnea, smoking hx, how long have you had?, how often,
fever/2* sx, meds?, sputum, asthma, travel out of country?, environmental exposure, selfcare
objective respiratory data - Answers RR, pulse ox, symmetry, depth, work of breathing, mvmt of chest
Respiratory rate - Answers 12-20 breaths/min
Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) - Answers 97-98%
Muscles we use to breathe - Answers diapragm and intercostal muscles
How does the diaphragm control breathing? - Answers it flattens upon inspiration and domes up on
expiration
Normal stimulus to breathe - Answers hypercapnia (increase of CO2)
How to inspect lungs - Answers -size and shape (anteroposterior diameter compared w/ lateral
diameter)
-symmetry
-color
-note pt. facial expression
, -level of consciousness
-rhythm/movement
-spine and thoracic deformities with chest expansion
Normal chest circumference - Answers AP < transverse diameter
How to palpate lungs - Answers -feel for chest tenderness (not from pacemaker)
-tactile fremitus (equal and bilateral)
Crepitus - Answers -crackly/crinkly sensation(palpated and heard)
-air in subq tissue, rupture somewhere in resp. syst or infection from gas producing organism
Friction rub - Answers a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard on inspiration when the pleurae
are inflamed
Older Adults are at risk because (RESPIRATORY) - Answers -exposure to/frequency of resp. infect.
-hx of pneumococcal and flu vaccine
-effects of weather on resp. efforts and infection occurrence
-immobilization
-difficulty swallowing
-smoking
-cough reflex
How to change resp. exam for older adults? - Answers Fatigue? Amt. of physical activity? Hx of
COPD/lung cancer/TB?, Energy?, Chest pain?, BRUITS
barrel chest - Answers Note equal AP-to-transverse diameter and that ribs are horizontal instead of the
normal downward slope. This is associated with normal aging and also with chronic emphysema and
asthma as a result of hyperinflation of lungs.
pectus excavatum - Answers markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages (concave chest)
pectus carinatum - Answers forward protrusion of the sternum (pigeon chest)
scoliosis - Answers lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine
kyphosis - Answers exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (hunchback)
normal lung sounds - Answers bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular
How may lobes does the right lung have? - Answers 3 (superior, middle, inferior) AND IS SHORTER THAN
LEFT BC OF UNDERLYING LIVER
How many lobes does the left lung have? - Answers 2 lobes AND IS NARROWER THAN RIGHT BECAUSE
OF THE HEART
parietal pleura - Answers acts as a vacuum to hold lungs tightly against chest wall
Bronchial lung sounds - Answers high pitch, loud, blowing of hollow, heard over trachea
Bronchovesicular lung sounds - Answers medium-pitched blowing sounds heard over the major bronchi
vesicular lung sounds - Answers low pitch, soft amplitude, rustling sound, heard over healthy lung tissue
How to auscultate the lungs - Answers -have pt deep breath in and out through mouth
-6 pt on ant., 8 pt on post
-place stetho. firmly against thorax
subjective respiratory data - Answers dyspnea, smoking hx, how long have you had?, how often,
fever/2* sx, meds?, sputum, asthma, travel out of country?, environmental exposure, selfcare
objective respiratory data - Answers RR, pulse ox, symmetry, depth, work of breathing, mvmt of chest
Respiratory rate - Answers 12-20 breaths/min
Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) - Answers 97-98%
Muscles we use to breathe - Answers diapragm and intercostal muscles
How does the diaphragm control breathing? - Answers it flattens upon inspiration and domes up on
expiration
Normal stimulus to breathe - Answers hypercapnia (increase of CO2)
How to inspect lungs - Answers -size and shape (anteroposterior diameter compared w/ lateral
diameter)
-symmetry
-color
-note pt. facial expression
, -level of consciousness
-rhythm/movement
-spine and thoracic deformities with chest expansion
Normal chest circumference - Answers AP < transverse diameter
How to palpate lungs - Answers -feel for chest tenderness (not from pacemaker)
-tactile fremitus (equal and bilateral)
Crepitus - Answers -crackly/crinkly sensation(palpated and heard)
-air in subq tissue, rupture somewhere in resp. syst or infection from gas producing organism
Friction rub - Answers a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard on inspiration when the pleurae
are inflamed
Older Adults are at risk because (RESPIRATORY) - Answers -exposure to/frequency of resp. infect.
-hx of pneumococcal and flu vaccine
-effects of weather on resp. efforts and infection occurrence
-immobilization
-difficulty swallowing
-smoking
-cough reflex
How to change resp. exam for older adults? - Answers Fatigue? Amt. of physical activity? Hx of
COPD/lung cancer/TB?, Energy?, Chest pain?, BRUITS
barrel chest - Answers Note equal AP-to-transverse diameter and that ribs are horizontal instead of the
normal downward slope. This is associated with normal aging and also with chronic emphysema and
asthma as a result of hyperinflation of lungs.
pectus excavatum - Answers markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages (concave chest)
pectus carinatum - Answers forward protrusion of the sternum (pigeon chest)
scoliosis - Answers lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine
kyphosis - Answers exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (hunchback)
