ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate Exam
Latest Questions And Answers
(Verified detailed solutions/Answers)
1. Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage:
2. Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function:
3. The Normal Cell Cycle: -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes of
DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes
molecular information
4. Interphase and Mitotic Phase: Cell division produces two identical cells through
,these two major phases
5. During interphase:: Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following three
steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap) 2:
Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
6. First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap): -cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
7. Synthesis Phase (S phase): -DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
,8. Mitotic Phase (M phase): -Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and
move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
9. Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from: -G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
10. Restriction Point: -The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing
phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the cell
past the restriction point, or the point of no return
11. G0 Phase (resting phase): -After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1
phase or go into a resting phase, known as G0
, -Most cells in the human body reside in G0
12. -Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase): -Exceptions to this
are those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
13. Cell Cycling Time: Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
14. Cell cycle video and
image: http //highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chap-
ter2/animation how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
15. Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control: -The cell cycle is
carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter
the genetic information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction
and disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through
Certificate Exam
Latest Questions And Answers
(Verified detailed solutions/Answers)
1. Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage:
2. Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function:
3. The Normal Cell Cycle: -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes of
DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes
molecular information
4. Interphase and Mitotic Phase: Cell division produces two identical cells through
,these two major phases
5. During interphase:: Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following three
steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap) 2:
Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
6. First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap): -cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
7. Synthesis Phase (S phase): -DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
,8. Mitotic Phase (M phase): -Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and
move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
9. Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from: -G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
10. Restriction Point: -The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing
phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the cell
past the restriction point, or the point of no return
11. G0 Phase (resting phase): -After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1
phase or go into a resting phase, known as G0
, -Most cells in the human body reside in G0
12. -Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase): -Exceptions to this
are those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
13. Cell Cycling Time: Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
14. Cell cycle video and
image: http //highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chap-
ter2/animation how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
15. Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control: -The cell cycle is
carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter
the genetic information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction
and disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through
