MIC 319 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Extracellular pathogens can be: - ANSWER bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasite
opsonization = - ANSWER coating of bacterium with antibody and/or complement
What is the point of opsonization? - ANSWER To make the pathogen more readily
ingested by phagocytes
complement = - ANSWER collection of plasma proteins that act in a cascade of reactions
to attack extracellular forms of pathogens
cellular innate responses = - ANSWER neutrophil and macrophage phagocytosis
Killing of microbes by cellular processes begins when? - ANSWER when they make
contact with cells. This process continues within the phagolysosome.
Neutrophils are stored in the __________ - ANSWER bone marrow
What are the 4 stages of extravasation of neutrophils: - ANSWER 1. Rolling adhesion via
LFA and ICAM-1
2. Tight binding
3. Diapedesis
4. Migration along CXCL8 chemokine gradient
Receptor for complement? - ANSWER CD4
Receptor for LPS? - ANSWER CD14
Molecular innate response to extracellular bacteria? - ANSWER complement proteins
MAC refers to - ANSWER complement
PF referes to - ANSWER perforin
Who discovered P1 and P2 - ANSWER Dr. Podack
The killer domain of pore forming protein is the _____ domain - ANSWER MACPF
Extracellular batteria are killed by - ANSWER complement membrane attack complex
poly-C9
Virus infected cells are killed by - ANSWER P1
, Intracellular bacteria are killed by - ANSWER P2
The last event of C9 is _______ - ANSWER making the hole in the bacteria
Size of poly C-9 pore? - ANSWER 110-120 A
The membrane attack complex is ____ - ANSWER C9
What proteins participate in the assembly of MAC? - ANSWER C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9
(polymerization)
Innate immune system recognizes _______ - ANSWER PAMPs
PAMPs recognized by - ANSWER PRRs
Recognition of PAMP activates ________ - ANSWER complement
What is the most important "factor" of the complement process? - ANSWER C3
C3 is cleaved into - ANSWER C3a and C3b
How is C3b bound? - ANSWER covalently to the pathogen surface
C3b acts as - ANSWER opsinogen, facilitating the phagocytosis of the pathogen
C3a is an _______ - ANSWER anaphylatoxin
Anaphylatoxins do what? - ANSWER induce inflammation, recruit fluid and inflammatory
cells to the sites of antigen deposition
What are the 3 complement pathways? - ANSWER alternative, lectin, classical
Complement is comprised of? - ANSWER 30 self-regulatory proteins that assemble into
complexes that kill and clear bacteria from interstitial spaces
Which complement pathway is the last to act - ANSWER Classical
Which complement pathway is the first to act? - ANSWER alternative
Which complement pathway is the second to act? - ANSWER lectin
All complement pathways start where? - ANSWER on the pathogen surface
All pathways converge on ______________ - ANSWER C3
fMet can act as a ______ signal - ANSWER degradation signal, largely co-translational
Why hasn't fMet formation been eliminated during bacterial evolution? - ANSWER it acts
as degradation signal. Likely function is that is controls protein quality; i.e.
bad/misfolded proteins.
Neutrophils lacking ______ are defective in migration directionality - ANSWER PI3K
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Extracellular pathogens can be: - ANSWER bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasite
opsonization = - ANSWER coating of bacterium with antibody and/or complement
What is the point of opsonization? - ANSWER To make the pathogen more readily
ingested by phagocytes
complement = - ANSWER collection of plasma proteins that act in a cascade of reactions
to attack extracellular forms of pathogens
cellular innate responses = - ANSWER neutrophil and macrophage phagocytosis
Killing of microbes by cellular processes begins when? - ANSWER when they make
contact with cells. This process continues within the phagolysosome.
Neutrophils are stored in the __________ - ANSWER bone marrow
What are the 4 stages of extravasation of neutrophils: - ANSWER 1. Rolling adhesion via
LFA and ICAM-1
2. Tight binding
3. Diapedesis
4. Migration along CXCL8 chemokine gradient
Receptor for complement? - ANSWER CD4
Receptor for LPS? - ANSWER CD14
Molecular innate response to extracellular bacteria? - ANSWER complement proteins
MAC refers to - ANSWER complement
PF referes to - ANSWER perforin
Who discovered P1 and P2 - ANSWER Dr. Podack
The killer domain of pore forming protein is the _____ domain - ANSWER MACPF
Extracellular batteria are killed by - ANSWER complement membrane attack complex
poly-C9
Virus infected cells are killed by - ANSWER P1
, Intracellular bacteria are killed by - ANSWER P2
The last event of C9 is _______ - ANSWER making the hole in the bacteria
Size of poly C-9 pore? - ANSWER 110-120 A
The membrane attack complex is ____ - ANSWER C9
What proteins participate in the assembly of MAC? - ANSWER C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9
(polymerization)
Innate immune system recognizes _______ - ANSWER PAMPs
PAMPs recognized by - ANSWER PRRs
Recognition of PAMP activates ________ - ANSWER complement
What is the most important "factor" of the complement process? - ANSWER C3
C3 is cleaved into - ANSWER C3a and C3b
How is C3b bound? - ANSWER covalently to the pathogen surface
C3b acts as - ANSWER opsinogen, facilitating the phagocytosis of the pathogen
C3a is an _______ - ANSWER anaphylatoxin
Anaphylatoxins do what? - ANSWER induce inflammation, recruit fluid and inflammatory
cells to the sites of antigen deposition
What are the 3 complement pathways? - ANSWER alternative, lectin, classical
Complement is comprised of? - ANSWER 30 self-regulatory proteins that assemble into
complexes that kill and clear bacteria from interstitial spaces
Which complement pathway is the last to act - ANSWER Classical
Which complement pathway is the first to act? - ANSWER alternative
Which complement pathway is the second to act? - ANSWER lectin
All complement pathways start where? - ANSWER on the pathogen surface
All pathways converge on ______________ - ANSWER C3
fMet can act as a ______ signal - ANSWER degradation signal, largely co-translational
Why hasn't fMet formation been eliminated during bacterial evolution? - ANSWER it acts
as degradation signal. Likely function is that is controls protein quality; i.e.
bad/misfolded proteins.
Neutrophils lacking ______ are defective in migration directionality - ANSWER PI3K
