1
CIPP/E EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025 | ALL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
LATEST VERSION | GRADED A+ | BRAND NEW
VERSION!
Accountability - ..(ANSWER)...The implementation of appropriate *technical and
organisational measures* to ensure and be able to *demonstrate* that the
handling of personal data is performed in accordance with relevant law, an idea
codified in the EU General Data Protection Regulation and other frameworks,
including APEC's Cross Border Privacy Rules. Traditionally has been a *fair
information practices principle*, that due diligence and reasonable steps will be
undertaken to ensure that personal information will be protected and handled
consistently with relevant law and other fair use principles.
Accuracy - ..(ANSWER)...Organizations must take every *reasonable* step to
ensure the data processed is this and, where *necessary*, kept up to date.
Reasonable measures should be understood as implementing processes to
prevent inaccuracies during the data collection process as well as during the
ongoing data processing in relation to the specific use for which the data is
processed. The organization must consider the type of data and the specific
purposes to maintain the accuracy of personal data in relation to the purpose.
Also embodies the responsibility to respond to data subject requests to correct
records that contain incomplete information or misinformation.
Adequate Level of Protection - ..(ANSWER)...A transfer of personal data from the
European Union to a third country or an international organisation may take place
where the European Commission has decided that the third country, a territory or
one or more specified sectors within that third country, or the international
organisation in question, ensures this by taking into account the *following
elements*: *(a)* the rule of law, respect for *human rights* and fundamental
freedoms, both *general and sectoral legislation*, data protection rules,
, 2
professional rules and security measures, effective and *enforceable data subject
rights* and *effective administrative and judicial redress* for the data subjects
whose personal data is being transferred; *(b)* the existence and *effective*
functioning of independent *supervisory authorities* with responsibility for
ensuring and enforcing compliance with the data protection rules; (c) the
*international commitments* the third country or international organisation
concerned has entered into in relation *to the protection of personal data*.
Annual Reports - ..(ANSWER)...The requirement under the GDPR that the
European Data Protection Board and each supervisory authority *periodically
report on their activities*. The supervisory authority report should include
infringements and the activities that the authority conducted under their Article
58(2) powers. The EDPB report should include *guidelines, recommendations,
best practices and binding decisions*. Additionally, the report should include the
protection of natural persons with regard to processing in the EU and, where
relevant, in third countries and international organisations. Shall be *made public
and be transmitted to the European Parliament, to the Council and to the
Commission*.
Anonymous Information - ..(ANSWER)...In contrast to personal data, this is not
related to an identified or an identifiable natural person and *cannot be
combined with other information to re-identify individuals*. It has been rendered
unidentifiable and, as such, is not protected by the GDPR.
Anti-discrimination Laws - ..(ANSWER)...*indications of special classes* of
personal *data*. If there exists law protecting against discrimination based on a
class or status, it is likely personal information relating to that class or status is
*subject to more stringent* data protection regulation, under the GDPR or
otherwise.
, 3
Appropriate Safeguards - ..(ANSWER)...The GDPR refers to these in a number of
contexts, *including* the *transfer* of personal data *to third countries* outside
the European Union, the processing of *special categories* of data, *and* the
processing of personal data in a *law enforcement* context. This generally refers
to the application of the general data protection principles, in particular purpose
limitation, data minimisation, limited storage periods, data quality, data
protection by design and by default, legal basis for processing, processing of
special categories of personal data, measures to ensure data security, and the
requirements in respect of onward transfers to bodies not bound by the binding
corporate rules. This *may* also *refer to* the use of *encryption or
pseudonymization*, *standard* data protection *clause*s adopted by the
Commission, contractual clauses authorized by a supervisory authority, or
*certification schemes* or *codes of conduct* authorized by the Commission or a
supervisory authority. Should ensure compliance with data protection
requirements and the rights of the data subjects appropriate to processing within
the European Union.
Appropriate Technical and Organizational Measures - ..(ANSWER)...The GDPR
requires a *risk-based approach* to data protection, whereby organizations *take
into account* the *nature*, *scope*, *context and purposes* of processing, as
well as the risks of varying *likelihood* and *severity to* the *rights and
freedoms* of natural persons, and institute policies, controls and certain
technologies to mitigate those risks. These might help meet the obligation to keep
personal data secure, including technical safeguards against accidents and
negligence or deliberate and malevolent actions, or involve the implementation
of data protection policies. These measures should be demonstrable on demand
to data protection authorities and reviewed regularly.
, 4
Article 29 Working Party - ..(ANSWER)...Was a European Union organization that
functioned as an *independent advisory body* on data protection and privacy
and consisted of the collected data protection authorities of the member states. It
was *replaced by* the similarly constituted European Data Protection Board
(*EDPB*) on May 25, 2018, *when* the *GDPR went into effect*.
Authentication - ..(ANSWER)...The process by which an entity (such as a person or
computer system) determines whether another entity is who it claims to be. *is
required* by the GDPR *when* the data subject is *exercising certain rights*,
such as the rights to *deletion or rectification*, and might include supplying log-in
details or biometric information. However, the data controller should not be
obliged to acquire additional information in order to identify the data subject for
the sole purpose of complying with any provision of the Regulation.
Automated Processing - ..(ANSWER)...A processing operation that is performed
without any human intervention. "Profiling" is defined in the GDPR, for example,
as the automated processing of personal data to evaluate certain personal
aspects relating to a natural person, in particular to *analyse or predict aspects
concerning that natural person's performance at work, economic situation,
health, personal preferences, interests, reliability, behaviour, location or
movements*. Data subjects, under the GDPR, have a *right to object* to such
processing.
Availability - ..(ANSWER)...Data is this if it is *accessible when needed* by the
organization or data subject. The GDPR requires that *a business* be able to
ensure this of personal data and have the ability to *restore it and access* to
personal data in a *timely manner* in the event of a physical or technical
incident.
CIPP/E EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025 | ALL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
LATEST VERSION | GRADED A+ | BRAND NEW
VERSION!
Accountability - ..(ANSWER)...The implementation of appropriate *technical and
organisational measures* to ensure and be able to *demonstrate* that the
handling of personal data is performed in accordance with relevant law, an idea
codified in the EU General Data Protection Regulation and other frameworks,
including APEC's Cross Border Privacy Rules. Traditionally has been a *fair
information practices principle*, that due diligence and reasonable steps will be
undertaken to ensure that personal information will be protected and handled
consistently with relevant law and other fair use principles.
Accuracy - ..(ANSWER)...Organizations must take every *reasonable* step to
ensure the data processed is this and, where *necessary*, kept up to date.
Reasonable measures should be understood as implementing processes to
prevent inaccuracies during the data collection process as well as during the
ongoing data processing in relation to the specific use for which the data is
processed. The organization must consider the type of data and the specific
purposes to maintain the accuracy of personal data in relation to the purpose.
Also embodies the responsibility to respond to data subject requests to correct
records that contain incomplete information or misinformation.
Adequate Level of Protection - ..(ANSWER)...A transfer of personal data from the
European Union to a third country or an international organisation may take place
where the European Commission has decided that the third country, a territory or
one or more specified sectors within that third country, or the international
organisation in question, ensures this by taking into account the *following
elements*: *(a)* the rule of law, respect for *human rights* and fundamental
freedoms, both *general and sectoral legislation*, data protection rules,
, 2
professional rules and security measures, effective and *enforceable data subject
rights* and *effective administrative and judicial redress* for the data subjects
whose personal data is being transferred; *(b)* the existence and *effective*
functioning of independent *supervisory authorities* with responsibility for
ensuring and enforcing compliance with the data protection rules; (c) the
*international commitments* the third country or international organisation
concerned has entered into in relation *to the protection of personal data*.
Annual Reports - ..(ANSWER)...The requirement under the GDPR that the
European Data Protection Board and each supervisory authority *periodically
report on their activities*. The supervisory authority report should include
infringements and the activities that the authority conducted under their Article
58(2) powers. The EDPB report should include *guidelines, recommendations,
best practices and binding decisions*. Additionally, the report should include the
protection of natural persons with regard to processing in the EU and, where
relevant, in third countries and international organisations. Shall be *made public
and be transmitted to the European Parliament, to the Council and to the
Commission*.
Anonymous Information - ..(ANSWER)...In contrast to personal data, this is not
related to an identified or an identifiable natural person and *cannot be
combined with other information to re-identify individuals*. It has been rendered
unidentifiable and, as such, is not protected by the GDPR.
Anti-discrimination Laws - ..(ANSWER)...*indications of special classes* of
personal *data*. If there exists law protecting against discrimination based on a
class or status, it is likely personal information relating to that class or status is
*subject to more stringent* data protection regulation, under the GDPR or
otherwise.
, 3
Appropriate Safeguards - ..(ANSWER)...The GDPR refers to these in a number of
contexts, *including* the *transfer* of personal data *to third countries* outside
the European Union, the processing of *special categories* of data, *and* the
processing of personal data in a *law enforcement* context. This generally refers
to the application of the general data protection principles, in particular purpose
limitation, data minimisation, limited storage periods, data quality, data
protection by design and by default, legal basis for processing, processing of
special categories of personal data, measures to ensure data security, and the
requirements in respect of onward transfers to bodies not bound by the binding
corporate rules. This *may* also *refer to* the use of *encryption or
pseudonymization*, *standard* data protection *clause*s adopted by the
Commission, contractual clauses authorized by a supervisory authority, or
*certification schemes* or *codes of conduct* authorized by the Commission or a
supervisory authority. Should ensure compliance with data protection
requirements and the rights of the data subjects appropriate to processing within
the European Union.
Appropriate Technical and Organizational Measures - ..(ANSWER)...The GDPR
requires a *risk-based approach* to data protection, whereby organizations *take
into account* the *nature*, *scope*, *context and purposes* of processing, as
well as the risks of varying *likelihood* and *severity to* the *rights and
freedoms* of natural persons, and institute policies, controls and certain
technologies to mitigate those risks. These might help meet the obligation to keep
personal data secure, including technical safeguards against accidents and
negligence or deliberate and malevolent actions, or involve the implementation
of data protection policies. These measures should be demonstrable on demand
to data protection authorities and reviewed regularly.
, 4
Article 29 Working Party - ..(ANSWER)...Was a European Union organization that
functioned as an *independent advisory body* on data protection and privacy
and consisted of the collected data protection authorities of the member states. It
was *replaced by* the similarly constituted European Data Protection Board
(*EDPB*) on May 25, 2018, *when* the *GDPR went into effect*.
Authentication - ..(ANSWER)...The process by which an entity (such as a person or
computer system) determines whether another entity is who it claims to be. *is
required* by the GDPR *when* the data subject is *exercising certain rights*,
such as the rights to *deletion or rectification*, and might include supplying log-in
details or biometric information. However, the data controller should not be
obliged to acquire additional information in order to identify the data subject for
the sole purpose of complying with any provision of the Regulation.
Automated Processing - ..(ANSWER)...A processing operation that is performed
without any human intervention. "Profiling" is defined in the GDPR, for example,
as the automated processing of personal data to evaluate certain personal
aspects relating to a natural person, in particular to *analyse or predict aspects
concerning that natural person's performance at work, economic situation,
health, personal preferences, interests, reliability, behaviour, location or
movements*. Data subjects, under the GDPR, have a *right to object* to such
processing.
Availability - ..(ANSWER)...Data is this if it is *accessible when needed* by the
organization or data subject. The GDPR requires that *a business* be able to
ensure this of personal data and have the ability to *restore it and access* to
personal data in a *timely manner* in the event of a physical or technical
incident.
